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Mayor Edward W. Quinn 




James T. Barrett, President of City Council 



CAMBRIDGE 

SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS 
A CITY 

1846-1921 

A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE INTERESTING 
EVENTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
CELEBRATION OF THE SEVENTY- 
FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE 
CITY OF CAMBRIDGE, 
MASSACHUSETTS 

OCTOBER 9-11-12, 1921 



CAMBRIDGE 



^tinteb unber tfje birection of tfie 
Citp Council Committee 



1922 



Vt^ 



E. L. Grimes Company, Printers, Bostoa 



NOV 2 81922 



jForetoorb 

Civic virtue is like a diamond with many facets, 
each contributing to the general effect of light and 
brilliancy. Wheye interest in the public welfare is 
laggard, where the co-operative spirit is but feebly 
expressed, a city is drifting into a state of decadence, 
dulling the edge of the high purpose of community 
life — which is progress. The anniversary of the 
seventy-fifth year of municipal existence found Cam- 
bridge ready, responsive and virile in sound com- 
munity interest. 

The people sensed the value of a celebration which 
purposed to arouse public thought on Cambridge, 
rich in the possession of a storied past, a thriving 
present and an auspicious future. 

The exercises herein recorded, which took place on 
Sunday, Tuesday and Wednesday, October 9th, 11th 
and 12th, 1921, were a series of great events in local 
history, significant milestones in the march of civic 
progress and sure to stand out as calendar days on 
the tablets of memory. 



^rosram 



October Ninth 
SiDecial exercises in all the churches of the city. 

Public Meeting 
Cambridge Common at 3:00 P. M. 

His Honor Mayor Edward W. Quinn presiding 

Addresses by His Excellency Channing Cox, Gov- 
ernor of Massachusetts ; The Honorable Freder- 
ick W. Dallinger, Congressman from the 8th 
District; President James T. Barrett of the 
City Council. Invocation by Rev. Patrick H. 
Callanan, Pastor of St. Peter's Roman Catholic 
Church. Benediction by Rev. Raymond 
Calkins, D. D., Pastor of First Church in Cam- 
bridge (Congregational). Music by Common- 
wealth Band. 

October Eleventh 

Exercises in the schools. Addresses during the day 
on the significance of the celebration by the 
following persons: 

Warren F. Spalding, Agassis School 

Edmund J. Brandon, Ellis School 

Mrs. William F. Brooks, Fletcher School 

T. Harrison Cummings, Haggerty School 

Hon. Frederick W. Dallinger, Harvard School 

9 



10 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FI^^E YEARS A CITY 

Hon. John P. Brennan^ Houghton School 
Michael E. Fitzgerald, Kelley School 
Arthur A. Peyear, Morse School 
Rev. Raymond Calkins, Peabody School 
Ex-Mayor Walter C. Wardwell, Putnam School 
Ernest J. Dennen, Roberts School 
George Saunders, Russell School 
Edward A. Sullivan, Thorndike School 
George L. Dow, Webster School 
Henry J. Mahoney, Wellington School 
John W. Wood, Rindge Technical School 
Prof. Henry W. Holmes ) tt- 7 j r ^- 07 7 
Hon. F. W. Dai.lingeb \ ^'^^ """^ ^«''" ^'^'""^ 



Grand Ball at the Armory 
Concert by the Letter Carriers' Band. Grand March 
at 9 o'clock. Dancing until 12 o'clock. The 
public invited. 



Pageant at Sanders Theatre 

At 8 P. M. 

Under the direction of T. Harrison Cummings 

October Twelfth 
Grand Parade at 10:30 A. M. 

Address by Vice-President Calvin Coolidge at Tech- 
nology at 3 P. M. 

Banquet at Riverbank Court at 3 :30 P. M. 

Senior and Junior Road Race start in front of City 
Hall at 3:30 P.M. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 11 

Band Concerts at Central Square, Cambridge Field, 
Rindge Field, 3:30 P. M.; Inman Square at 
7.30 P. M. 

Reception at City Hall, 7:30 P. M. 



Illumination 

City Hall flood-lighted for three days before and 
three days after celebration. 



trfje Celebration 

Sunday^ October 9, 1921 

Americans, more perhaps than any other people, 
are prone to celebrate at timely intervals the progress 
of the many communities that throb with teeming life 
in this great nation of ours. There is a noble purpose 
in this because it stimulates the people to think about 
their duties as citizens, and thinking, as has been well 
said, is the very cornerstone of democracy. Where, 
as in the instance of Cambridge, a storied past lends 
both point and glamor to the purpose, such a celebra- 
tion is most significant as a milestone in the upward 
journey towards the highest promise of American 
life. 

The seventy-fifth birth period of Cambridge as a 
city was observed in a manner most fitting on the 
days of October 9th, 11th and 12th, 1921. The sug- 
gestion that the third-quarter century mark should 
be celebrated, as a measure of public education (with 
more than a passing glance at the vital duty of the 
community to educate in no condescending spirit but 
in friendly democratic fashion our large alien popula- 
tion), was made by the Cambridge Sentinel and the 
hint was taken with characteristic vigor by President 
James T. Barrett of the City Council and an order 
was presented in that body on January 18, 1921, 
couched in the following language : 

12 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 13 

City of Cambridge, In City Council, 

January 18, 1921. 

Whereas : 

By an Act of the Great and General Court of 
Massachusetts, with the approval of the Governor, 
the Town of Cambridge was incorporated as a City 
on March 17, 1846, and will therefore pass its seventy- 
fifth year of existence as a City on March 17, 1921, 
be it therefore 

Ordered : 

That a Committee, consisting of tl;e entire mem- 
bership of this City Council, with His Honor the 
Mayor, be and hereby is appointed to make the neces- 
sary arrangements for a suitable observance, to the 
end that so important an event shall be properly 
celebrated. 

It was thought proper and especially advisable, in 
view of the interest it was hoped would be taken by 
the citizens of foreign birth, to make the event dis- 
tinctly one of government direction. The citizenry 
were asked to co-operate, for the honor of Cambridge, 
with the Mayor and City Council as the apex of the 
pyramid of patriotic effort. The response was 
splendid. All the people were aroused to join in 
making the demonstration worthy of the city and her 
place of glory in the American world. 

The act of incorporation of Cambridge as a city 
was passed by the legislature and later was signed 
by the Governor, March 17, 1846. Mayor Edward 
W. Quinn, having ih mind the uncertainty of 
weather conditions of a three days' celebration in 



14 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

that blustering month, proposed Columbus Day, 
October 12th, as a date answerable to every purpose 
including economy in the matter of extra holidays. 
It was proposed to start the observance in the fine 
old traditional way of invoking Divine blessing by 
meetings held Sunday, October 9th, in all the 
churches in the city. The following communication 
was sent to every resident divine : 

Office of the Mayor, Cambridge, Mass. 

September 23, 1921. 
Reverend Dear Sir: 

The Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the Incorpora- 
tion of the City of Cambridge will take place on Oc- 
tober 12, 1921. The committee in charge of the 
celebration feel that this event would be auspiciously 
opened by holding services in the churches of the city 
on Sunday, October 9, 1921, and respectfully request 
your co-operation on this occasion. 

Yours, 

(Signed) Edward W. Quinn^ 

Mayor. 

Every pastor rose to the occasion and the people of 
every creed were admonished to take a deep interest 
in the demonstration because the expression of com- 
munity virtue was a recognition of the law of God. 



Of especial note in the Sabbath observance was 
the invocation delivered by Mayor Quinn at the 
Third Universalist Church, Porter Square, North 
Cambridge, where the Mayor, Professor Wilham 
Roscoe Thayer, and the pastor. Rev. Lucius R. 
Paige, made addresses. In introducing Mayor Quinn, 
Rev. Mr. Paige said: 

"As the first mayor of Cambridge was a minister, 
it was but appropriate that the Mayor should be pres- 
ent with us today. Each and all of us have a part in 
our city and we all should love our city." 

He then presented the Mayor who spoke as 
follows : 

"There is an inspiration to high thoughts in the very 
name of Cambridge. Of the myriad cities and towns 
that dot the expansive map of our great country, 
which has a nobler history, a finer tradition to stir 
emulation and to cherish renown? She shares with 
Boston, Philadelphia, New York, the signal honor of 
having had a glorious hand in the birth of that great- 
est of experiments in the upward struggle of human- 
ity — that which is embodied in Jefferson's words that 
all men in a social-political sense are created equal, 
and that governments derive their just powers from 
the consent of the governed. 

"The flag that was to be the bloody symbol of this 
imperishable idea was first unfurled on yonder com- 
mon when Washington risked life, liberty, and the 
pursuit of happiness — everything, but his sacred 
honor, to show a dogmatic, despotic and grossly ma- 

15 



16 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY- FIVE YEARS A CITY 

terial England that the new world could redress the 
balance of the old. 

"Although Englishmen saw it not, even when Burke 
the seer pointed it out to them in the glowing elo- 
quence that every Cambridge High School pupil 
knows, Magna Charta, the Puritan Revolution, the 
Revolution of 1688, were all at stake in the grim con- 
flict of 1776. 

"Our beloved city, then a staunch little village, 
clustering about Harvard College, was among the 
first in sympathy and never second when sacrifices 
were asked of the faithful. Townsmen fell before the 
red coat bullets at Lexington and Concord, and Cam- 
bridge blood reddened the summit of Bunker Hill, 
and every man fell with his face toward the invader. 

"In '61 the spirit of the fathers was nobly alive in 
Cambridge when Father Abraham called for volun- 
teers to preserve the structure that their wisdom, 
character and devotion to an ordered liberty had 
reared. The world knows and cherishes the story of 
the First Volunteers of Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

"In '98 the torch of altruism still burned high in 
Cambridge, and the wrongs of Cuba were redressed, 
with many a hand helping in the work. It might be 
construed as o'erweening pride to talk of Cambridge's 
share in the recent world conflict. All that need be 
said is that Cambridge men and women were found 
true to a splendid tradition. 

"Yet peace hath her victories no less than war, and 
the growth of Cambridge up to this significant year 
of the 75th anniversary of our city as a municipality, 
indicates that character is still a strong asset in our 
people. May we hope that when we pass the torch of 
progress along to the next generation the verdict 
'weU done' will be extended to us as a measure of 
justice." 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 17 

In presenting Professor Thayer, Mr. Paige said: 

"The principal product of Cambridge is culture, 
notwithstanding the great number of industries and 
manufactories that are located here. Our universities 
have established that fact, known not alone in our 
city but all over the world." 

Professor Thayer gave an excellent address show- 
ing the historical growth of the city. 

Rev. Mr. Paige, in closing, said : 

"The city will be just what the sum total of its citi- 
zens have made it. Citizenship is a vital part of 
religion. Officials need praise as well as blame. Let 
them know they have our moral support in all good 
matters. Citizenship means a great deal more than 
going to the polls on election day. It is an all the 
year round affair." 

The musical portion of the service consisted of se- 
lections by the Oakley Quartet, with Francis R. 
Hagar at the organ. 



Cxercigeg on Cambribge Common 

Sunday^ October 9, 1921 

The spirit of Washington and the Minute-Men of 
'75 impinged upon the scene an element of historic 
grandeur as the good people of Cambridge gathered 
on Cambridge Common Sunday afternoon for the 
last observance of the day. The pathetic remnant of 
the once great oak under whose expanse of shade 
Washington took command of the American Army 
of freedom, towered in the background, an eloquent 
reminder of the mutability of all that is physical in 
nature, yet glowing as a symbol of the imperishable- 
ness of the things of the spirit. Great events had oc- 
curred on this hallowed spot, the bivouac of brave 
men, led by one of God's noblest characters, had 
made of this little pasturage one of America's shrines, 
and now Cambridge was to carry on the great 
tradition. 

The assemblage numbered about eight thousand, 
the presence of so many children, round-eyed with 
interest, indicated how clearly their parents sensed 
the significance of the occasion. The weather was of 
that cloudy rawness so peculiar to the uncertain glory 
of New England climate, nurse of hardy and liberty 
loving men and women. 

The speakers were Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
Mayor of Cambridge, Chairman; His Excellency 
Channing Cox, Governor of Massachusetts; Honor- 
able Frederick W. Dallinger, Congressman from the 
8th District ; James T. Barrett, President of the City 
Council and the Reverend Patrick H. Callanan, Pas- 
is 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 19 

tor of St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church and Rever- 
end Raymond Calkins, Pastor of the Shepard 
Memorial Church. 

The Mayor requested Reverend Father Callanan 
to invoke the Divine blessing on Cambridge and the 
event. He said: 

"Our Father Who art in heaven ! In opening these 
exercises, commemorating the 75th year of the found- 
ing of this, our beloved city of Cambridge — we raise 
our hearts to You, the God of Nations — and we pour 
forth our gratitude, our joy and our hope to You. 
Our gratitude, because Thy Providence which hov- 
ered over the birth and the cradle daj'^s of our beloved 
city, has continued with us through the youth and 
manhood of our municipality — until today by the 
blessing of God our beloved city of Cambridge, pass- 
ing through the vicissitudes of three quarters of a cen- 
tury, stands out sturdy and strong with its thousands 
of citizens enjoying the blessings of freedom and 
reaping the fruits of democracy in a model govern- 
ment of the people, for the people and by the people. 

"Not only do we raise our hearts in gratitude for 
Thy protection through the passing years, but our 
hearts send forth to Thee sentiments of joy and glad- 
ness today. In this great cosmopolitan city of Cam- 
bridge all our citizens meet today in a true Brother- 
hood of Man and Fatherhood of God. Our citizenry 
is made up of men and women of many races and 
many climes — of many varying religious tenets — 
of many varying national characteristics — and yet, 
in the multiplicity of opinions and ideas and beliefs 
we are still one people, joyful and glad to be living 
today in peace and harmony — e pluribus unum — 
one dominant desire among all men, to live in peace 
with one another and to be proud of our birthright of 



20 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FI\^ YEARS A CITY 

freedom under the stars and stripes. But there is 
more than gratitude and joy; our hearts are filled with 
hope today. Gratitude for the past — joy for the 
present, hope for the future. And we beg of Thee, 
Almighty God, that our hope may be well founded. 

"As Thou hast held Thy sheltering hand over us in 
the past seventy-five years so hold the shield of Thy 
Providence over our beloved city in the days and in 
the years to come. Crush the spirit of insubordination 
and anarchy that would dare raise its head in our 
community; implant in the hearts of all our citizens 
a spirit of peace to all men, a spirit of brotherly love, 
an honesty of purpose and a public and political con- 
science in the heart of every man and woman who 
wields the ballot to direct our governors and governed 
to take up their civic and political duties under Thy 
Divine laws, that they may be good men, true men, 
honest men, proud of their city, their nation and their 
flag. Help us, O Lord, to direct all our actions bj^ 
Thy holy inspiration, and enable us to carry them on 
by Thy gracious assistance that every word and work 
of ours may begin from Thee and by Thee be happily 
ended through Christ Our Lord. Amen." 

The Mayor followed with a brief introductory 
address, replete with a modest yet effective simplicity. 
He said: 

"How fortunate are we of Cambridge to be in a 
position to hold our civic celebrations on this spot hal- 
lowed by the glorious memories of that distant day 
when the dauntless men of America, with the im- 
mortal Washington at their head, threw down the 
gauntlet before the haughtiest empire of the eigh- 
teenth century. 

"Can we not in imagination picture these hardy, 
serious men gathered about their stern visaged leader, 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 21 

himself about the only scientifically trained soldier 
among them, and listening to his diffident and halting 
words of welcome — for Washington was ever a doer 
rather than a talker. The steel in his nature struck 
responsive sparks in the metal of high quality resident 
in these fighting common men of a most uncommon 
breed, and the spirit that later was to create the 
United States of America, now the moral and mate- 
rial leader of the world, was organized on the spot 
where now we stand. 

"What a heritage is ours ! Almost to the year when 
Burns, the Scottish bard, wrote with glowing quill that 
*a man's a man for a'that,' Washington and the men 
of Cambridge were pledging their lives to defend the 
human proposition that 'all governments derive their 
just powers from the consent of the governed.' Twin 
chapters in the golden book of democracy and liberty, 
may we ever prove by our conduct that we are true 
heirs to the vision and ideals of the spiritual heritage 
of our country as well as to its material blessings." 

Governor Cox followed the Mayor, asking indul- 
gence in his amiable way for keeping on his hat as a 
bulwark against the penetrating rigor of the season. 
His address was worthy of the man, his office and the 
occasion. He said : 

"I count it an unusual privilege to come here today 
and greet you in behalf of the Commonwealth. I am 
glad to come here and meet the citizens of Cambridge 
as they are about to begin their 75th anniversary 
celebration. I am glad to rejoice with you on the 
splendid record that has been written since the in- 
corporation of the city. I believe that there is still 
more in store for this great city, that there is still 
much more we may expect from this great com- 
munity. Let us pay tribute to those men who fell, 



22 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

and felt it an honor to make that sacrifice, and thus 
contributed to the welfare of the Nation. 

"Seventy-five years is a long span of time and I 
glory with you in your seventy-five years of useful- 
ness, in your seventy-five years which have been well 
lived. I hope that in the strength of your purpose 
you may press forward to even better things in the 
future. This famous Washington Elm where Wash- 
ington took command of his troops should be an in- 
spiration to all of you. You have the oldest and 
greatest university in the country here in Cambridge. 
You may walk the streets where Lowell and Long- 
fellow trod. Men of science and noted inventors have 
come from Cambridge. My famous predecessor, the 
late William E. Russell, was a citizen of Cambridge. 

"The men of Cambridge have proudly borne their 
share in the country's wars in the past. In the days of 
the Revolution, in the days of '61, when the Union 
was threatened, they were the first to answer Lin- 
coln's call. In 1898, they answered with the strength 
and power of their youth. In the last great war, eight 
thousand young men went forth to do battle for their 
country. I rejoice with you in the great background 
that is yours. May I ask you to remember the hard- 
ships and the sacrifices made by the men who lived 
here and have gone before us. Remember the ob- 
stacles they overcame that this great city might en- 
dure. Remember these things when we hear today 
the wails of despair. Have we any right to complain 
when you consider what these men have done? Let 
us not join in these lamentations. May we see in 
the present a glorious opportunity. There is a fine 
opportunity for those who want to work and deserve 
it. Let us rejoice that we are living today in the 
greatest country in the world, that it is our lot to be 
living in the present day. Let us strive for a greater 
opportunity, for greater glory for old Cambridge." 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 23 

Congressman Dallinger gave a brief and pithy his- 
torical resume of Cambridge from that hardy group 
of colonists that founded Newtowne in 1631, through 
the various crises of succeeding generations to the 
great city of today, as great in her ideals as in her 
material resources. He said : 

"Mr. Mayor and Fellow Citizens : Once when that 
great Cambridge poet, Oliver Wendell Holmes, was 
abroad, the sight of the Stars and Stripes inspired 
one of his beautiful poems entitled : 'Home,' the clos- 
ing verse of which comes to my mind on this occasion. 

'And still in Memory's holiest shrine 

I read with pride and joy 
For me those stars of empire shine; 
That empire's dearest home is mine; 

I am a Cambridge boy!' 

"I count it a great privilege that upon this eventful 
occasion I, too, can say with the poet that this coun- 
try's dearest home is mine, and that I also am a Cam- 
bridge boy. For to every patriotic American 
throughout the length and breadth of the land, Cam- 
bridge is a sacred shrine and the spot on which we 
stand is holy ground. 

"No place in the whole country is so full of historic 
associations running back to the very beginning of 
the Republic. In the old meeting house formerly sit- 
uated on the eastern side of Harvard Square was held 
the fiifst provisional legislature which provided for 
the organization of the Minute Men and for the es- 
tablishment of the Committee of Safety. From the 
birthplace of Oliver Wendell Holmes, which formerly 
stood opposite the Harvard Law School, was issued 
the order for the fortifying of Bunker Hill and in 
front of it, now marked by an appropriate stone. 



24 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

President Langdon of Harvard College offered 
prayer before the patriot troops started on their 
epoch-making march to Charlestown. On this his- 
toric common was the first organized camp of Ameri- 
can troops and beneath this historic Elm, Washing-' 
ton took command of the American army. Here also 
was raised the first flag with its thirteen stripes. 
What is now known as Cambridge Street was 
originally a military road constructed by General 
Washington, leading from Cambridge Common to 
East Cambridge, where at the corner of Otis and 
Fourth Streets was erected a battery which was 
nearest to the British troops in Boston and which did 
the most effective service in causing the evacuation 
of the city by the enemy. 

"The part which Cambridge played in the great 
struggle for independence is known to all men and is 
a vital part of the history of the United States. Yon- 
der beautiful flag staff, erected by the Daughters of 
the American Revolution, commemorates the sacri- 
fices and heroism of the men and women of the Revo- 
lution. Looking in the opposite direction on this 
same historic common, we see the statue commem- 
orating the heroes of the Civil War in which great 
struggle Cambridge had the distinction and honor of 
having sent the first company of volunteers to pre- 
serve the Union. In the last gi'eat war, in commem- 
oration of which no memorial has as yet been 
erected, Cambridge fully sustained the traditions of 
her glorious past and more than eight thousand of her 
sons were enlisted in the service of their country 
while the students and teachers of both Harvard and 
Technology rendered invaluable service to the Fed- 
eral Government in every field of activity. Again 
the sacred soil of Cambridge Common became a camp 
for the training of our country's defenders, and not 
only in the supplying of men, but also in every other 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 25 

respect, Cambridge did its full share in that great 
struggle. 

"Two hundred and ninety-one years ago, the 28th 
of next December, a handful of men left the 
newly-estabhshed town of Boston, rowed up the 
Charles River and landed on the shght elevation now 
known as Harvard Square, and built a fortified town. 

"These early settlers were poor, hard-working 
farmers, and little did they dream of the famous city 
which was to be the result of their labors on that 
winter's day so many years ago. 

"Their purpose was a three-fold one. In the first 
place, the underlying and impelling motive of their 
lives was a religious one. Next to the stockade built 
for the purpose of defense against the Indians, was 
erected the church or meeting-house. Then came the 
school, and this was followed after a few years by the 
establishment of a college founded for the express 
purpose of preventing the danger of an illiterate 
ministry. Lastly, the early settlers were impelled by 
the same laudable purpose that actuates all settlers 
in a new country, viz. : the economic development of 
what was then an unbroken wilderness. 

"It is fitting that on this anniversary we should 
stop and take an account of stock in order to ascer- 
tain how far the successors of these early founders 
of Cambridge have carried on the work commenced 
so many generations ago. 

"Considering first the least important of these three 
phases of development we find that on the material 
side our city has grown rich and prosperous. From 
a handful of poor farmers it has become a city of 
over a hundred and ten thousand people, with a large 
and varied manufacturing industry. Cambridge to- 
day is one of the leading manufacturing cities of New 
England, and although surpassed by some of its sister 
cities in the value of its products and in the number 



26 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

of its industrial workers — in the reputation of its 
products it is second to none. Quality rather than 
quantity has always been the watchword of Cam- 
bridge industry. 

"As is fitting for the oldest university city in the 
new world and the one in which was located the first 
printing press in the western hemisphere — over there 
on Dunster Street — the name of Cambridge as a 
book center has spread throughout the country and 
the world. The products of the University Press, 
the Riverside Press and Little & Brown's bindery 
are admittedly the last word in the art of bookmaking, 
while the school books of Ginn & Company go wher- 
ever the English language is spoken. 

"Closely akin to the art of printing is the manu- 
facture of musical instruments, and Mason and 
Hamlin's organs and pianos are known the world 
over. In a small establishment on Brookline Street 
lenses for the greatest telescopes have been ground. 
Here were first made Kennedy's crackers, the nucleus 
upon which has been built the reputation of the Na- 
tional Biscuit Company. Cambridge is famous 
everywhere as a place where the best soap is manu- 
factured and the names of Lever Brothers, John Rear- 
don & Son and Lysander Kemp are household words 
in thousands of American homes. Cambridge candy, 
Cambridge salted peanuts, Cambridge hams, are 
known the country over. The products of Blake & 
Knowles Steam Pump Works, Peter Gray and 
Sons' lantern factory; of Irving & Casson's and 
Doten and Dunton's furniture factories; of the 
American Rubber Company, and the Boston Woven 
Hose & Rubber Company, of the Reversible Collar 
Company, and of Hews' Pottery Company, are 
known everywhere for their superior quality. Truly 
it can be said that in the variety and superiority of its 
manufactures, Cambridge is second to no city in the 
hemisphere. 



CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 27 

"From the founding of Harvard College in 1636 
down to the present time, Cambridge has been one of 
the educational and literary centers of the western 
hemisphere. What splendid use of the talents en- 
trusted to her by our pious ancestors is well attested 
by the present enviable position which she holds in 
the field of education and literature. From a weak, 
and struggling college has developed the famous 
university which has made the City of Cambridge 
known throughout the world. To its law school and 
to its graduate schools come men and women from 
every educational institution in the country and from 
all parts of the globe. Ai-ound the university have 
sprung up Radcliffe College and three theological 
seminaries — all famous in their several denomina- 
tions. Today, in addition to these famous schools of 
learning, we have in our midst the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology with its wonderfully 
equipped plant — the largest and most famous en- 
gineering school in the civilized world. 

"Here in our city was established the first manual 
training school — the progenitor of hundreds and 
thousands of similar schools throughout the land. 
Our system of public education starting from small 
beginnings, has steadily developed with the progress 
of the times, and all our citizens are proud of its 
record and achievement. 

"In the domain of literature and science, Cam- 
bridge has steadily maintained its pre-eminence. 
Holmes, Longfellow and Lowell have set the stand- 
ards of American poetry; while Sparks, Fiske, Hig- 
ginson, Lowell, Channing, Hart and Thayer have en- 
riched the field of historical writings. Here lived and 
toiled the author of that immortal work, 'Storey's 
Commentaries on the Constitution,' and the law in all 
its branches has been enriched by the labors of Lang- 
dell, Parsons, Bishop, Gray, Ames, Thayer, Smith, 



28 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Wambaugh, Williston, Beale, Pound, Wilson and 
Warren. 

"In the field of science, Louis and Alexander 
Agassiz, Shaler, Davis, Pickering, Trowbridge, Hall, 
Goodale, Cook, Jackson and Mark and a host of 
others have rendered lasting service to mankind; 
while in the domain of economics and government, 
Dunbar, Taussig, Bullock, Carver, Sprague, Hart, 
Munroe and Holcombe are recognized authorities in 
their respective fields. 

"At the head of the great university in our midst, 
there has been a long line of illustrious men and the 
IDresident-emeritus, who is still with us, vigorous in 
mind and body, and the present president, are worthy 
successors of those who have gone before. Truly it 
can be said that in the fields of education, science and 
letters, Cambridge has maintained its proud pre- 
eminence. 

"As has already been pointed out the early settlers 
of Cambridge were deeply religious. To them reli- 
gion was the one important thing which overshadowed 
everything else. It was a rehgious motive that led 
to the founding of the great university of which we 
are so proud, and on its shield is blazoned the word 
'Veritas' — Truth — and the Inscription 'For 
Christ and the Church.' From that day to this, Cam- 
bridge has been a city of churches and a community 
of law-abiding, God-fearing, home-loving men and 
women, who have taken a pride in their municipality 
and in the welfare of their fellow citizens. Moreover, 
from the commencement of its history Cambridge has 
been blessed with a constant line of devoted clergymen 
who have ministered to a loyal and grateful citizen- 
ship. The labors of Shepard, Langdon and Sparks 
of the earlier time have in our day and generation 
been equalled by the devoted service to the com- 
munity of Paige, McKenzie, Peabody, Abbott, Ap- 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 29 

sey, Scully, Campbell, O'Brien, Bicknell, Crowe and 
a host of others who have inspired our citizenship to 
high ideals of living, and who have gone to their ever- 
lasting reward. 

"And the people of our city have not only had high 
ideals but they have put their rehgion into practice 
as is witnessed by the City Home, the City Hospital, 
the Cambridge Hospital, the Holy Ghost Hospital, 
the Emergency Hospital, the Avon Home, the 
Young Men's Christian Association, the Young 
Women's Christian Association, St. Mary's Catholic 
Association, the Young Men's Hebrew Association, 
the Columbus and Moore Street Day Nurseries, the 
Margaret Fuller House, the East End Christian 
Union, and other noble philanthropic institutions 
which have been of blessed helpfulness to countless 
thousands. 

"And so, my fellow citizens, as we gather here to 
celebrate this anniversary, we can justly claim that in 
its devotion to the Republic ; in its economic develop- 
ment, in the intellectual field and in the things of the 
spirit, Cambridge has throughout its history proved 
true to the traditions of its founders and stands before 
the world today famous in industry, foremost in edu- 
cational, literary and scientific achievements, a pro- 
gressive community of industrious, intelligent and 
clean living American citizens, loyal to their country 
and its glorious flag — a city set on a hill whose light 
cannot be hid, but which shines forth as an inspira- 
tion and a blessing to mankind. Let us of this day 
and generation see to it that that light fade not, but 
that it may shine on and on ever brighter and brighter 
unto the perfect day. 

" 'Forget not ; but here in the Charles' lovely valley 
Let Cambridge her halls and her studies renew. 
And, like that old mother, her sons round her rally. 
To learning, to manhood, to Christ ever true. 



30 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

'Then, when London's rich commerce shall fade 
from the water, 
When Warwick's proud castle is sunk in the 
flame, 
When Rome bows to ruin and Paris to slaughter, 
New glory shall cover our town's peaceful 



President Barrett of the City Council voiced the 
impulses to finer aspiration in civic progress in an 
address that was packed with thought, and delivered 
with characteristic clarity and vehemence. He said: 

"Mr. Mayor and Fellow Citizens : I am pleased to 
be with you this afternoon and to bring to you the 
greetings of the Legislative Branch of our City Gov- 
ernment. I am also pleased that my efforts of a year 
ago were responsible for the bringing about of this 
celebration which is now well underway and that 
Cambridge is to celebrate in a fitting manner her 75th 
anniversary as a city. 

"I received a very interesting love letter a few 
days ago — not a love letter of the kind that is sought 
for and so eagerly read in our daily and weekly 
papers — but one from a dearly beloved father and 
mother, both having passed their seventy-fifth birth- 
days, each of them being born before that memorable 
St. Patrick's Day, 1846, when the then Governor 
Briggs of the State of Massachusetts affixed his sig- 
nature to the bill creating Cambridge a city. The 
inspiration I received from the letter referred to con- 
tained such endearments of love and friendliness 
from the old land to the new, that it leads me to be- 
lieve that if God will be as kind to me as He has been 
to my dear parents — to whom I owe so much — I 
may expect to be an active participant when Cam- 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 31 

bridge celebrates her one hundredth anniversary as a 
city. 

"Cambridge, in the words of one of her many dis- 
tinguished poets, 'Is no mean city' and, judging by 
her progress for the past seventy-five years, the 
poet's opinion has been amply verified. In our prog- 
ress along civic, industrial, political and religious 
lines, we have made remarkable strides, especially 
with the religious side. At a remote period of 
time before our incorporation as a city, Elizabeth 
Horton, a leading Quakeress in her day, was publicly 
flogged in the streets of Cambridge for announcing 
her religious faith. Within one hundred yards 
of where we now stand, Benamuel Bowers, who in 
those days had the temerity to declare himself a Bap- 
tist, was for that crime and for the still more serious 
crime of giving a glass of milk to the Elizabeth Hor- 
ton, already referred to, found guilty by the Judicial 
Department which meted out what passed for justice 
to the residents of Cambridge, and fined the sum of 
five pounds or twenty-five dollars in our present rate 
of currency. 

"A few weeks after the occasion referred to, the 
irrepressible Benamuel was forcibly ejected as being 
an unworthy person to enter a public place of wor- 
ship, situated in the now famous Harvard Square, 
necessitating the combined force of the then town 
constables to stifle the piety and privileges of the 
would-be repentant. To quote the words of our dis- 
tinguished historian, John Fiske, 'May all of us who 
hate oppression and love independence do honor to 
the memory of the sturdy Benamuel Bowers.' 

"Those in our community who would remind us of 
the greatness and glories of the passengers on the 
*Mayflower' — and their descendants are perfectly 
justified in emulating the virtues of those sturdy 



32 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

pioneers — should also remember that emigrants who 
came on ships of a more recent date, and their descend- 
ants, contributed in no small way to make our be- 
loved city what it is and what it stands for. 

*'I entirely agree with His Excellency Governor 
Cox who a few moments ago reminded us of the spirit 
of discord and unrest rampant throughout our land, 
which is to be deplored; but that spirit and condition 
are by no means confined to the foreigners or the re- 
cent arrivals to our Republic or our City, for, sad to 
note, we find it in places where one would be justified 
in expecting a high degree of excellence in culture. 

"The increase in our population, 12,490 in 1846, to 
on or about 110,000 in 1921, is one to be proud of and 
also typifies our liberal spirit of brotherly love that 
has grown with the city's growth. Happily the same 
apphes to every large municipahty throughout our 
beloved land, giving hope and encouragement to 
those who aspire to become our citizens of the future. 
This country doubtless appeals to them as it did to 
my distinguished fellow-countryman and champion 
of America's cause, Edmund Burke, when in 1773, 
admiration for the young, hardy, self-reliant and 
highly-intelligent American people, inspired him to 
say, *When I contemplate these things — when I 
know that the Colonies in general owe little or noth- 
ing to any care of ours, and that they are not squeezed 
into that happy form by the constraints of watchful 
and suspicious government, but that through a wise 
and salutary neglect a generous nature has been suf- 
fered to take her own way to perfection — when I 
reflect upon these effects I feel all the pride of power 
sink and all presumption in the wisdom of human 
contrivance melt and die within me, my rigor relents, 
I pardon something to the spirit of liberty.' " 




Chief Marshal Ralph W. Ro.art 




Police Iiscort 




Chief Marshal and Staff 



CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 33 

Reverend Raymond Calkins, Pastor of the 
Shepard Memorial Church, closed the meeting with 
the following words : 

"His Honor the Mayor has asked me to make a few 
concluding remarks. The church of which I am 
pastor is nearly as old as this town. Only eight or 
nine other settlements existed in New England when 
in 1630, this spot was occupied by about eight fami- 
lies, foremost among whom was that of Thomas Dud- 
ley, Deputy Governor of the Province of Massachu- 
setts. Four years later, the First Church in Cam- 
bridge assembled here under the leadership of the 
Reverend Thomas Hooker, who afterward migrated 
to Hartford, Connecticut, and in 1636, the present 
church organization was formed with the Reverend 
Thomas Shepard as pastor. That church has con- 
tinued until this day, and its life and the life of this 
community have gone on together ever since. The 
Congregation branch of this church has given nine 
mayors to the city, incorporated seventy-five years 
ago. Only a few short years ago, there sat in the 
pews of this church its mayor, four ex-mayors, and a 
governor of the Comomnwealth. My immediate pre- 
decessor. Dr. Alexander McKenzie, took the greatest 
interest in the life of this community. For years, he 
was a member of the school board. He was a prom- 
inent figure at the 25th and 50th anniversaries of the 
city's incorporation. Were he alive today, he would 
be one of our most honored guests. 

"The growth of this city has been very rapid. To- 
day it is noted not only as the seat of Harvard Col- 
lege, and as the home of some of America's greatest 
men of letters, and as the scene of some of the most 
important historical events connected with the history 
of this Republic, but it is also one of the greatest 



34 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 

industrial centres in New England. In the year 
1800, Dr. Abiel Holmes, pastor of this church, wrote 
of Cambridge that 'it is generally conceded that this 
town combines the tranquility of philosophic solitude 
with the choicest pleasures and advantages of refined 
society.' No one would think of thus characterizing 
our modern Cambridge of 1920. There may be those 
who can here enjoy a philosophic solitude, but the 
space in which this enjoyment can be theirs is more 
and more restricted. And we recall today — and not 
with regret, but with a kind of pride — that there is 
not a ward in this city today in which the foreign- 
born or children of the foreign-born do not exceed in 
numbers the native stock, and that more races and 
languages today are gathered within the precincts of 
Cambridge than old Dr. Holmes knew the existence 
of when he wrote those words. At the 250th celebra- 
tion of the founding of this town in 1880, President 
Eliot said: *I see that Cambridge is becoming a man- 
ufacturing centre'; but as late as 1896, Professor 
Hart at the 50th anniversary of the incorporation of 
Cambridge as a city remarked : *A reputation for the 
manufacture of useful goods is well worth having, 
but Cambridge can never compete as a manufactur- 
ing city with Lowell or Lawrence or Manchester or 
Fall River or Worcester.' But today, Cambridge is 
in the same rank with those cities as a centre of in- 
dustry, and the time is not distant when she will com- 
pete with Boston itself. 

"It is this new and last wonderful chapter in the 
evolution of the city which we love which has laid its 
special task and duty obligation on every one of us. 
The transformation of our town from a quiet aca- 
demic community to a great industrial centre has put 
into our hands the gravest problems and the most 
serious responsibilities. For the first time in the 
nearly 200 years of the life of this community, we 



CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 35 

have to wrestle with what is called the city problem. 
It is to the making of our Cambridge a city of which 
we shall not be ashamed, with a government that is 
both honest and just, with a community life that is 
clean and wholesome, and with brotherhood as the 
watchword of all who dwell therein, irrespective of 
race, or language, or color or religion — it is to this 
task that we, who love our city for what she has been 
and what she is, must dedicate ourselves. 

"In the old city of Siena in Italy stands the 
Palazzo Publico — that most beautiful city building. 
If you would understand the spirit of the proud citi- 
zens of Siena, you must go into the Sala della Pace 
where the Council of Nine used to meet. They em- 
ployed the great master Lorenzetti to decorate the 
walls of this Hall with allegorical frescoes to illustrate 
Good and Bad Government. On the right wall is the 
pictui'e of Good Government: the Rule of Justice. 
Within the city are dancing and feasting; the shops 
are full and trade flourishes. Beyond the walls un- 
armed traffic passes out ; the fields are cultivated and 
the peasants are bringing their produce into the city. 
And over all this is the inscription: 'Without fear 
may everyone travel freely and each man work or 
sow.' On the left wall is portrayed Evil Government 
and the fruits of injustice. Tyranny, a hideous 
horned monster with dagger and cup of poison is 
enthroned. Around him are his ministers: Cruelty, 
torturing a child. Treason and Fraud, Strife and 
War. At his feet lies Justice dishevelled and bound ; 
murder and outrage wanton inside and outside the 
walls; the smiling fields are devastated. And the 
demon of Fear enrolls this scroll: 'Through selfish 
ambition in this city has Justice been subjected to 
Tyranny, wherefore by this way no one passes without 
fear of death ; for within and without the gates, they 
plunder.' 



36 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

*' These frescoes are now dim and indistinct with 
age, but the truth they teach — older than the ancient 
city of Siena but as true for the city of today — 
shines as clear as the light. The lesson of Good and 
of Bad Government is that Justice is the basis of the 
social order, and that Respect for Law is the condi- 
tion of good order, prosperity, and the social welfare." 



®f)e Celebration 

Tuesday, October 11, 1921 

The ringing of bells ushered in the second day with 
the beauty of a mild October sun disclosing the per- 
fection of the autumn season. The daylight hours 
were dedicated to the children. The day, its purpose, 
the lesson it should give to the young who in a few 
flowing years will take their places in the lead of city 
affairs, was the special work of a group of citizens. 
They visited the various schools where exercises were 
held and spoke briefly in simple and effective words 
about Cambridge, what it means in the daily lives of 
all, both young and old, the treasury of a grand his- 
toric past, the ripe employment of a fruitful present, 
and the earnest hopes of a useful future. The chil- 
dren listened with rapt attention and the promise of 
a half holiday to close the school day was welcomed 
with that ecstasy of joy which childhood alone can 
experience. 

The following speakers contributed to this fascina- 
ting and useful service : 

Waeren F. Spalding^ Agassiz School 

Edmund J. Brandon^ Ellis School 

Mrs. William F. Brooks^ Fletcher School 

T. Harrison Cummings, Haggerty School 

Hon. Frederick W. D^^lLlinger, Harvard School 

Hon. John P. Brennan^ Houghton School 

Michael E. Fitzgerald^ Kelley School 

Aethur a. Peaver, Morse School 

Rev. Raymond Calkins^ Peabody School 



38 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Ex-Mayor Walter C. Ward well, Putnam School 

Ernest J. Dennen, Roberts School 

George Saunders, Russell School 

Edward A. Sullivan, Thorndike School 

George L. Dow, Webster School 

Henry J. Mahoney, Wellington School 

John W. Wood, Rindge Technical School 

Prof. Henry W. Holmes | rr- i, j t ^- o 7 7 

Hon. F. W. Dallinger [ ^'^^' ^^^ ^«^^^ ^^^^^^ 



AN EPISODE OF HISTORY 

The evening of Tuesday was devoted to the his- 
torical aspect of Cambridge. Sanders Theatre was 
the scene, with T. Harrison Cummings, Librarian of 
the Cambridge Public Library, as director of the 
episode. It was a stirring presentation, the pomp of 
pageantry and the eloquence of human lips conjoined 
to record the glory of the city's place in the nation's 
story. 

THE PROGRAM: 

His Honor Mayor Edward W. Quinn, Presiding 

Anthem Harvard Glee Club 

Prayer of Thanksgiving: A Netherlands Folksong 
Address William Roscoe Thayer 

President Cambridge Historical Society 

"Cambridge Old and New" 

Cavalier Song (Stanford) . . . .Harvard Glee Club 

Address Albert Bushnell Hart 

*' Cambridge in History" 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 39 

Selection Harvard Glee Club 

"Now is the Month of Maying." — Morley 

Address Hon. Frederick W. DalUnger 

Address Hon. Frank Leveroni 

Representing the Italian People 

Address T. Harrison Cummings 

"Cambridge's Most Valuable Asset: Birth of the 
Flag in Cambridge" 

OUR FLAG IN HISTORY 

Written and Directed by Miss Lillian R. Hartigan 

First Episode 

Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. 
"The Cambridge Flag" 

(The First Real Flag of the Colonies — January 
2, 1775.) 

This flag, known as the Cambridge Flag, was 
designed probably by Professor Winthrop of 
Hai*vard College and raised by Washington 
at Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 2, 
1776. 

Flag Bearers George Forbes, Fred Johnson 

George Washington William Anderson 

Professor Winthrop Thomas Gibson 

Mrs. Winthrop Helen Coolidge 

John Paul Jones Charles Leddy 



40 cambridge seventy-five years a city 

Second Episode 
Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. 

"The Committee from Continental Congress" — 
Cambridge, October 17, 1775. 

Benjamin Franklin, Chairman Henry Shea 

Thomas Lynch, South Carolina. . . .Robert Bennick 
Benjamin Harrison, Virginia. .Robert Le Normand 

Third Episode 

Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. 

"The Birth of the Stars and Stripes" — June 14, 1777. 

Flag Bearers . Bartholomew Turbot, Edward Lennon 

SPIRIT OF 1776: 

Grandfather Melvin Hunt 

Son L. Aaron 

Grandson G. Carlin 

Fourth Episode 

Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. 

"The Star Spangled Banner" — January 13, 1794. 
(Fifteen Stars and Stripes) 

Flag Bearers Thomas Lally, Waldorf Nelson 

The Victories of the Star Spangled Banner. 

1. Naval War with France — 1798. 

President John Adams Albert Gracia 

Napoleon Bonaparte W. G. Hodden 

2. War with the Barbary States— 1801-1805. 

President Thomas Jefferson A. Vaughan 

Pasha of Tripoli Chester Swenson 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 41 

3. War With England— 1812. 
Two American Soldiers, 
Lawrence O'Brien, T. Franklin McDermott 

Francis Scott Key Cornelius Cronin 

Author of "Star Spangled Banner" — 1814. 
(This flag of 1794, known as the Star 
Spangled Banner, was the first American 
Flag to be raised over a Pubhc Schoolhouse 
at Cobram on Catamont Hill, Massachusetts.) 

Song — "Star Spangled Banner" . Community Chorus 

Fifth Episode 
Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. 

''Old Glory"— A^vW 4, 1818. 

(Congress by Act, decreed a return to the 
original thirteen stripes and a star for every 
State in the Union to be added to the flag on 
the July 4th following a State's admission to 
the Union. This is the present law in relation 
to the flag.) 

Flag Bearers Frank Thomas, Philip Smith 

Monroe Doctrine — 1823. 

Columbia Guarding for America the American 
Idea of Government. 

Columbia Janet Clark 

The First Raising of the "Stars and Stripes" 
over the State House on Beacon Hill on the 
occasion of the visit of Lafayette to Boston, 
April 24, 1824. 

WilHam Eustis, Governor of Massachusetts, 

Bernard Duffy 
Lafayette Frank Fessenden 



42 cambridge seventy-five years a city 

Sixth Episode 

Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. 

"National Flag-Period of Meocicaii ^ar-1846-4.7." 

Flag Bearers E. Hall, L. Lovett 

President James K. Polk Robert Lake 

General Winfield Scott Robert Fay 

General Zachary Taylor J. McLean 

Seventh Episode 
Presented by the Grand Army Men 

"National Flag — Period of the Civil War" 

Flag Bearer William Howe 

Cambridge Post, No. 5Q, G. A. R. 
Guard of Grand Army Men 

Eighth Episode 
Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. 
"The Builders of the Flag." 

Indian Harold Vucassovich 

Columbus Alexander Clyde 

Sailors John Mahoney, Charlton Batchelor 

Miles Standish Paul Barry 

Priscilla Ellen Leonard 

John Alden William Rivinius 

Washington William Anderson 

Soldiers William Baker, Gidden Forbes 

Lincoln Louis Novak 

Columbias — Barbara Brown, Helen Chase, Elizabeth 
Putnam, Helen Lorenzen, Margaret Bacon, Caro- 
lyn Brine, Rose Manning. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 43 

Escort of Grand Army Men: 

World War Soldier and Sailor. Two Members 
from the Cambridge Post, No. 27, of American 
Legion. 

Reader Edward A. Sullivan 

Song — "America" Community Chorus 

ADDRESS OF PROF. A. B. HART 

Professor Albert Bushnell Hart was greatly in the 
vein, and his witticisms frequently amused the audi- 
ence. He said : 

"Cambridge is one of the most distinguished of all 
American places. Americans do not brag enough nor 
does any Cambridge person do justice to his city. 
He is quite content to say 'I am from Cambridge and 
the world will understand.' When Cambridge was 
organized it was a rough frontier camp for the first 
few years. Then came the days when those wonder- 
ful Colonial houses began to appear in the city, for 
these men were not only good men, and godly men, 
but they were also mighty good carpenters. Cam- 
bridge had a great disappointment once. She ex- 
pected to be the capital of the little colony. People 
came here and bought corner lots and put up houses 
as if they expected to board the members of the great 
and general court. Then there was an election which 
was held on the common where the chairman of the 
meeting, believing that his man could not be elected, 
refused to open the meeting. A man in a tree called 
out to those present to start the meeting and they 
did. The chairman's friends were defeated. This 
was the first exhibition of free popular government in 
Cambridge. 

"There were trying times in Cambridge in the early 
days when the food ran short and people talked of 



44 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

moving out where their cattle could have more pas- 
ture lands. The cattle business all but determined the 
fate of Cambridge. People felt that Cambridge was 
too far from the sea to be a successful city. Why, the 
man today who lives in a two-flat house and has gas, 
electricity, bath tubs and other modern conveniences 
has more today than the richest men had in those days. 
Mr. Flint, a tutor at Harvard, who was also speaker 
of the House, had to get up early to make that eight- 
mile journey when the legislature was in session. Sp 
he set his lectures at Harvard for 5 :00 A. M., and the 
records say that the students objected. 

"Harvard College was the mainstay of the place in 
those days. The truth is that the college was a de- 
lightful place in olden days. On one occasion the 
president stopped a student as the latter was crossing 
the campus. The student hesitated and considered 
rapidly what he had done in the past few hours that 
might cause the president to stop and talk with him. 
Much to his surprise, and also his relief, the president 
asked him for a 'chaw' of tobacco. I doubt if there 
has been since a president of Harvard College who 
has had that same ingratiating manner. Then there 
were the commons where the students dined. If the 
food was not good, there were no letters dropped to 
the stewards, there were no letters left in boxes at the 
clubs, but complaints were made by the students ris- 
ing and throwing the food at the steward, who no 
doubt hoped that it would not reach him. 

"Outside the windows were the swine whose food 
increased with the complaints made. When the first 
men came to Harvard College they all came to enter 
the ministry. They all had to study Hebrew, I said 
study, not learn. In the middle of the seventeenth 
century we became a more highly provincial town, 
existing for the benefit of Harvard College. Then 
came a highly fashionable set, the Vassals, who built 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 45 

great homes along the river front and who were 
described as 'damnably rich people.' 'Tory Row' 
came to light through these folk, who quarreled fre- 
quently and were not infrequently in the courts of 
law both as plaintiffs and defendants. When the 
Revolution came, they took the wrong side, and they 
never have come back. Cambridge was the center of 
Revolutionary agitation. In 1765, a party of four 
thousand men called on one Oliver, who lived in a 
house later occupied by James Russell Lowell and 
urged him to cease the sale of stamps. He accom- 
modated himself to their wishes. Cambridge played 
a large part in this civil war. The president of Har- 
vard College knelt and asked the blessing of Al- 
mighty God when a little body of men marched to 
Charlestown to take Bunker Hill. The Revolution 
was really won at the Battle of Bunker Hill and this 
was doubtless due to the prayers of the president of 
Harvard College. For, if green men, armed with 
various weapons could hold charge after charge of 
the British regulars the end of British rule was 
coming. 

"There were two headquarters used by Washington 
here, the Wadsworth house and the Craigie house. 
These are two shrines of original American liberty. 
Then there is the glorious elm and the church where 
Washington attended. The story is told how the 
wife of General Putnam, the Revolutionary leader, 
drove out in a four-horse coach and how the soldiers 
turned her back. If she had used but two horses to 
the coach she would have been all right, but four 
horses was too much display and back she went. 

"Then came a great awakening. In 1867, Eliot 
became president of Harvard College. His mind 
was attuned to great things. Cambridge began to 
change from a village and transportation has accom- 
phshed this fact. I recall the old horse cars. One 



46 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

night there was a bad snowstorm and on the car that 
was supposed to hold twenty-two people, there came 
out from Boston two hundred people who were on, in, 
on top of, around and adjacent to the car — and we 
all got home to Cambridge. 

"The Texas steer and the Kansas hog for years 
have looked forward to their coming to Cambridge 
to give up their lives in this city. They had much 
rather be slaughtered in Squires than in those dis- 
agreeable and smelly Chicago places. 

"The history of Cambridge is a history of conscious 
effort to make the world better than a people who 
lived from age to age had found it. The college 
owes its extended life to Cambridge. Has not Har- 
vard College done something for the city, too?" 

ADDRESS OF HON. FRANK LEVERONI 

Hon. Frank Leveroni, representing the Italian 
people, said: 

"I am very pleased indeed and feel greatly hon- 
ored to be invited to address you this evening on this 
memorable occasion as the representative of the lar- 
gest single foreign element in the City of Cambridge. 
The entire world during the past year has been com- 
memorating the greatness of the greatest Italian — 
Dante. The prophet, the poet of the mystic, the 
symbol of Italian struggle for unity, the exponent of 
a national language. The prototype of the modern 
pacifist, but a firm believer in liberty, freedom of 
thought and of action, all governed by laws for the 
general good. For six hundred years the Italians 
had continually before them the passionate appeal of 
Dante — 'Ah ! enslaved Italy, dwelling place of 
wars! Thy inhabitants cannot exist without war 
and those enclosed by one city wall gnaw each other. 
Search around thy shores, wretched one, and then 



CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 47 

within thy bosom and see if any part of these enjoy 
peace.' This man whom Longfellow asserts that 

'Among a thousand proofs let one suffice, 
That as his exile hath no parallel 
Ne'er walked the earth a greater man than he.' 

"Finally peace has come ; Italy has reunited to her- 
self all her lost provinces — but alas, there still lies 
outside of its mother folds — Fiume. 

"Tomorrow, the world, especially the North and 
South American continents, will commemorate the 
429th anniversary of the discovery of America by 
another great Italian, in whose native city I was 
born, Christopher Columbus. This great genius suc- 
ceeded in bringing to light the existence of the 
Western continent. The discovery of America was 
the greatest single event in the history of civilization. 
It is easy now for men to criticise and belittle the 
greatness of his work. Charles Francis Adams might 
well say that the discovery of America by Columbus 
was an event which was bound to come because of the 
number of converging events set in motion eventually 
leading to the one which he accomplished. But to 
understand history aright one must consider it from 
the point of view of the particular period. No man 
had the foresight, the intelligence, the learning, the 
dauntless courage and the superhuman perseverance 
that had Columbus. He was scorned, abused and 
derided by most everybody. He knocked at the gates 
of every king of Europe for aid. He finally suc- 
ceeded. His discovery enabled Europe to regenerate 
itself. While Columbus did not know the greatness 
of his work, all Europe took advantage of his 
great leadership. This continent soon became the 
battlefield between the natives and the Europeans. 
Columbus' discovery enabled the establishment of the 
greatest Republic. America discovered by Colum- 



48 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

bus, a Genoese, named after Americus, a Tuscan, its 
continent discovered by Cabot, a Venetian, and ex- 
plored by Verrazano, a Florentine. And so down the 
ages to the present time there has appeared other 
great Italians who have contributed to the world's 
happiness, culture and learning. 

"It would be idle for me to present to this intelli- 
gent audience in this great seat of learning other evi- 
dences of the greatness of this people, were it not for 
the impression spread broadcast that the Italy of to- 
day is a decadent nation. How entirely false! Per- 
mit me to quote from Draj^er's 'Intellectual Develop- 
ment of Europe' : 'It was in Italy that Columbus was 
born; in Venice newspapers were first issued; it was 
in Italy that the laws of the descent of bodies to the 
earth and of the equilibrium of fluids were first dis- 
covered by Galileo. In the Cathedral of Pisa that 
illustrious philosopher watched the swinging of the 
chandelier and, observing that its vibrations, large 
and small, were made in equal time, eventually dis- 
covered the pendulum. He also invented the first 
practical telescope for the study of the sky. It was 
in Italy that Sanctorio discovered the thermometer, 
that Torricelli discovered the barometer and demon- 
strated the pressure of the air; it was there that Cas- 
telli laid the foundation of hydraulics and discovered 
the laws of the flowing of water; there, too, was the 
first Christian astronomical observatory set up, and 
there Stancari counted the number of vibrations of a 
string emitting musical notes; there Grimaldi dis- 
covered the defractions of light, and the Florentine 
Academicians showed that dark heat may be reflected 
by mirrors across space. In our own times Melloni 
furnished the means of proving that it may be polar- 
ized. The first philosophical societies were the 
Italians ; the first botanical garden was established at 
Pisa; the first classification of plants given by 




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CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 49 

Caessalpinus ; the first geological museum was 
founded at Verona ; the first who cultivated the study 
of fossil were Leonardo da Vinci and Fracasta. The 
great chemical discoveries were made by the instru- 
ments of Galvani and Volta. Who will dispute with 
that illustrious people the palm of music and paint- 
ing, of statuary and architecture? The names of the 
great men — Michelangelo, Correggio, Bellini, Gior- 
gione, Tintoretto, Giotto in the realm of painting and 
architecture, and Donizetti, Verdi, Boito, Puccini, 
Giordano, and Mascagni in the production of the 
most beautiful and most enjoyable works of music. 
The greatest artist today is the product of Italian 
conservatories — Duse, and the late great lamented 
Enrico Caruso. 

"In literature, Italy boasts of the divine Dante, Pet- 
rarch, Boccaccio, Alfieri, Macchiavelli, Cellini, Gol- 
doni, Manzoni, Leopardi, Carducci, and d'Annunzio. 
Side by side with the Roman Catholic Church, Italy 
has preserved the greatness of ancient Rome, its liter- 
ature, its laws, and its mode of government, which in 
time spread broadcast among the peoples of the 
world. And what of her renowned holy men? Of 
Gregory the Great, of St. Francis of Assisi? Of her 
great philosophers from Vico to Benedetto Croce? 
Of her great statesmen Cavour and Mazzini? Her 
universities at Ravenna, Pavia and Bologna are 
worldwide known as seats of great learning, espe- 
cially in the studies of law. Criminal law was 
greatly influenced by the treatise of Beccaria and in 
our own time by the writings of Lombroso and of 
Ferri. Indeed, the whole world is indebted to Italy, 
for there is no department of human knowledge from 
which she has not extracted glory. 

"I will not speak of Italy's contribution to the 
World War; history will record that she had the 
longest battlefront, the most difficult and dangerous 



50 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

territory to carry on operations of war; she fought 
single-handed the Germanic empires, suffered the 
most and received the least. 

"It is most fitting for this renowned city to com- 
memorate its Diamond jubilee, and wise and proper 
for its officials to consider the component parts of its 
citizenship. The Italian of today is the same sincere, 
laborious, intelligent individual of the past. He has 
the same artistic, spiritual, and intense ideals of his 
ancestors. Witness the wonderful discoveries of 
Marconi and wireless telegraphy; of Alfani 
in seismology; of Caproni in the navigation of 
the air. All he requires is a fair show, proper 
surroundings, and a sympathetic understanding. 
Like the ancient Egyptians the first and second 
generations in this country have been 'the hewer of 
stone and the drawer of Avater.' He has built our 
subways, our trenches, and other works requiring 
brawn and labor ; he has given of his best — yes, of his 
body, and at times, of his life. He has been imposed 
upon, maltreated, and disregarded, and yet withal has 
been most loyal. Of their loyalty George Creel 
stated in 1919, that 'during the war about four per 
cent, of the whole population were Italians, but the 
casualty lists show a full ten per cent, of Italian 
names. More than 300,000 Italians figured in the 
army list in defence of the inner lines, as well as the 
firing lines, and proved their devotion to their adopted 
country.' They generously bought all issues of lib- 
erty bonds and rarely, if ever, were found guilty of 
violating the manual of war. Another illustration 
that the Italian is the best type of citizenship is 
shown during the policemen's strike in Boston. In 
the north end part of Boston, occupied most densely 
by Italians, there were no uprisings and no arrests. 
Unfortunately, he is careless in the carrying of fire- 
arms and combined with his temperamental impetu- 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 51 

osity, he sometimes gets himself into trouble. But 
this condition will be remedied by education and by 
the regulation of the sale of firearms. The younger 
generation is free from this trouble. 

"We are all in hearty sympathy with the efforts 
of Americanization. But, as President Eliot well 
says, by this we should not urge upon the foreign- 
born to forget his language and traditions. Indeed, 
the Italian ought to be encouraged to develop those 
qualities of human endeavor in which his ancestors 
were pre-eminent and thus add to the prosaic life of 
America the beautiful in art, music, sculpture and 
the sciences. The ideal system is to blend and adapt 
the best that all nationalities can contribute to Ameri- 
can life, but all ideals must be moulded and con- 
trolled by the principles enunciated in the Declaration 
of Independence and in the Constitution of the 
United States. 

"The town of Cambridge was founded at the same 
time as the town of Boston. It was selected by Gov- 
ernor Winthrop as the capital of the Massachusetts 
Bay colony, but as Boston was better situated for 
commercial development and for defense against the 
Indian, Cambridge lost its dominating position. 'It 
is one of the few American towns,' in the words of 
T. W. Higginson, 'that may be said to have owed its 
very name and existence to the pursuit of letters.' 
This noble city with its far-famed institutions of 
learning has done most in spreading broadcast a bet- 
ter and friendlier conception of Italy, for her people 
are known best wherever culture and learning flour- 
ish. Here in Cambridge was printed the first book 
in the United States. Here was established the first 
and greatest college in the United States, and here 
today is the greatest educational center. Italy has 
had no better friends than the distinguished men of 
letters — Longfellow, Norton, Lowell, Holmes, and 



52 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Newell of the past, and of Ford, Grandgent, Thayer 
and Eliot of the present day. 

"We are all Americans endowed with the same 
opportunities and animated with the desire to serve 
our common country at all times. This cloistered and 
majestic hall brings to my mind the noble sentiments 
quoted by President Eliot of Thomas Carlyle when, 
on being installed as rector of the University of 
Edinburgh in 1866, he told the students 'what a man 
was born to in all epochs — he is born to expend 
every particle of strength that God Almighty has 
given him in doing the work he is fitted for; to stand 
up to it to the last breath of his life and to do his 
best.' So may we all in like manner serve our city, 
our state and our country." 



ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR WILLIAM R. 
THAYER 

"Few of us remember how short a time has passed 
since Cambridge was an insignificant town. In the 
year 1800, for instance, nearly two centuries and 
three-quarters after its founding, it counted only 
twelve hundred inhabitants, and seventy-five years 
ago, when the legislature created it a city, the popu- 
lation numbered barely 12,000. The real growth 
began, however, after the Civil War. In 1874, the 
population had risen to 50,336. From that time for- 
ward the increase was rapid and steady. The great 
tide of inmiigration to this country, which the steam- 
ship lines encouraged by cheap transportation, 
brought larger and larger deposits of foreign-born 
strangers here, until certain sections of our city have 
come to be more foreign than native. This is a very 
important fact in the development of Cambridge, be- 
cause until recent years Cambridge was one of the 
most Yankee of all the towns in this region. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 53 

"At the celebration of the semi-centennial of Cam- 
bridge in 1896, the various speakers emphasized par- 
ticularly the historical glories of Cambridge; they 
noted with satisfaction and hope the transformation 
into an industrial centre, and they evidently felt 
proud of the vogue which the so-called 'Cambridge 
Idea' already enjoyed. It seemed to them evidence 
that the city, while growing materially, still promoted 
ideals. Local option in the sale of liquors, which was 
part of the 'Cambridge Idea' resulted in no license 
here, but I suspect that it would not have been so 
popular had not all the saloons of Boston remained 
wide open to welcome thirsty visitors from Cam- 
bridge. The fare on the street cars, which were then 
replacing horses by electricity, was only five cents. 
'Wet goods' could be delivered in Cambridge at a very 
low charge by the express companies. Now the 18th 
amendment for good or for ill has made no hcense 
obsolete. The second part of the 'Cambridge Idea' 
— non-partisan local politics — which we believed 
would be permanent, has also disappeared during the 
past quarter of a century, but let us hope that, like 
the seventeen-year locust, it will return so that its 
disappearance may not mean its extinction. 

"I spoke just now of the street railroads; they have 
been one of the chief causes of the rapid growth ; they 
have made Cambridge the most accessible of the im- 
mediate suburbs of Boston, with the result that many 
business men with offices in Boston reside in Cam- 
bridge. Meanwhile, the estabhshing of large indus- 
tries, of the packing houses, the factories and other 
'plants,' has brought in a large proletarian popula- 
tion. The expansion of Harvard College has been a 
third and very important cause of the city's growth. 
Harvard College opened its first building for pupils 
in 1638, only eight years after the settlement of 
'Newtowne,' as the pioneers called Cambridge, and 



54 CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

for nearly three hundred years the town and the col- 
lege have grown together, usually in friendship, and 
with a deep sense of their inter-dependence. At 
times, of course, demagogues have sprung up to pro- 
test against allowing the College to fatten on the 
town, but wiser Cantabrigians have always seen that 
the benefit was mutual, and persons who know how 
very obvious the predominance of the English Cam- 
bridge and Oxford Universities and of Continental 
universities, has been over their towns, have won- 
dered rather that Harvard has refrained from at- 
tempting to secure undue control in purely town 
affairs. From generation to generation many of our 
citizens have been proud to hail from the seat of the 
chief American university. 

"I do not attempt to give a detailed account of the 
expansion of Cambridge in buildings and industries 
during the past twenty-five years. I wish merely to 
indicate that this expansion has taken place and has 
brought radical changes not only in the aspect of the 
city, but in the character of the citizens themselves. 
As soon as a community numbers a hundred thousand 
or more persons, it needs and acquires traits which 
did not belong to its youth. True, 'the child is father 
of the man,' but that does not imply that the man 
wears boy's clothes. What we wish to know is 
whether the man perpetuates on a higher scale, the 
noble and attractive qualities of the child. 

"The fame of a city often rests on the fame of two 
or three of its inhabitants, and no doubt, we commonly 
imagine that the fellow citizens of a celebrity are 
celebrities themselves. Of course, this is not true, 
but we usually find that the celebrity's neighbors 
understood his value. I do not suppose that any 
dweller in Cambridge who met Mr. Longfellow 
failed to perceive that he was a very remarkable man. 
Cambridge during the third quarter of the last cen- 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 55 

tury rejoiced in having several remarkable men in 
different fields. Eeside our chief poet Longfellow, 
there was James Russell Lowell, himself a rare poet, 
a satirist better than any other America has produced, 
a literary critic and an essayist, and an Ambassador. 
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, a native of Cambridge, 
never forgot his affection for his birthplace after he 
transplanted himself to Boston. There was Agassiz, 
the elder, foremost among our men of science, and 
Benjamin Pierce, who dwelt in the loneliness of his 
mathematical isolation, and Jeffries Wyman, and 
Charles Eliot Norton — and Asa Gray, who com- 
manded botany as if it were a kingdom. And there 
were others — but I do not pretend to make a com- 
plete catalogue. 

"To you, of the younger generation, most of these 
persons are names, but we who saw them and knew 
them still miss them in our social intercourse, and we 
think of them as perpetual inhabitants of Cambridge. 
Without them we feel instinctively that we have 
fallen on a commonplace time — that the race here- 
abouts has dwindled, but this is a frequent illusion of 
age, for President Eliot, after his amazing career of 
primacy still survives, and William James, who, as I 
believe, will be ranked by posterity among the great- 
est of Americans, died only a short time ago, and 
among our present fellow citizens there may be some 
destined to be long remembered. 

"But while the possession of a few men of genius 
gives glory and imperishable interest to a city, the 
continuance of a population of high average intelli- 
gence and conduct is of most importance. A com- 
munity could not survive if it had only two or three 
persons of temperament. 

"Each of you can judge as well as I whether our 
average standard of citizenship has been kept up. Of 
course, the problem everywhere in America, here not 



56 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

less than elsewhere, is how to assimilate large num- 
bers of foreigners who settle here. In the case of the 
native there is the keeping alive and the handing on 
of the traditions which belong to his stock. But the 
foreigner, the immigrant, has to learn a strange 
language and to fit himself into strange customs, and 
it is presumably harder for him to become a real 
American than for one who is a native. But nothing 
is more certain than that unless our immigrant popu- 
lation is truly Americanized the American Republic, 
both as a fact and an ideal, will cease to exist. Num- 
bers of men do not make a republic or any other last- 
ing govermnent; it is the principles behind the men. 
Do those of you who can look back to 1880, for in- 
stance, believe that our population is as firmly loyal 
to American ideals as it was then? If it be not, the 
blame must fall on us who have neglected our duty. 
We must teach the newcomers what America is and 
what it hojics to be. We must show them that the 
promise of America lies open to them also, j)rovided 
that they train themselves to receive it. 

"We must make it clear that the principles of the 
founders are to be the guides in our government, not 
because they are old, nor because they were adopted 
by our ancestors, but because in hundreds of years of 
experience they have been proved the best for our 
purposes. They may be modified, and in fact, they 
are modified from generation to generation in some 
detail, but in essence they endure, and woe unto us if 
we let them go. During the last few years we have 
been confused by almost numberless proposals to 
throw over our principles and to substitute for them 
the unproved doctrines of half-civilized or more than 
half-crazy fanatics. We must always be on our 
guard against such seductions. 

"Our experiences in the war inevitably threw us 
into the great stream of national policy and not only 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 57 

our soldiers and sailors were thrown among the volun- 
teers in regiments from all parts of the country, but 
our civilians, who saw service in Washington and 
other places, got a wider view of life. From all of 
which let us hope our city will benefit. This, too, will 
make for a more soUd civic unity. 

"And unity, I repeat, should be the goal of every 
human aggregation, whether of family, town, city, 
state or nation. Unity begets harmony, friendship, 
goodwill, the application of the common strength to 
the common purpose. I said earlier that perhaps the 
most marked characteristic of the past thirty years 
has been the immense expansion of transportation. 
The electric street cars have not only brought Cam- 
bridge within a few minutes, in time, from Boston, 
but have joined the sections of the city which used to 
be somewhat remote from each other. Still, I wonder 
whether East Cambridge and Mt. Auburn, or North 
Cambridge and Magazine Street have really much 
more social and civic intercourse than they had before 
the trolleys came. The subway tunnels serve to sim- 
ply shorten the trip to Boston, and the passengers 
who use them only may never even see Cambridge- 
port, or even Harvard Square, for instance. On the 
whole, we feel, however, that the expanded system of 
transportation must be an agent of civic unity. 

"But real unity springs not from externals, but 
from within. We must do the best we can in spite of 
unfavorable conditions, feeling assured that if civic 
friendliness exists in the heart no outward obstacle 
will prevent us from exercising it. We cannot exag- 
gerate its importance. We can never exceed in civic 
loyalty. In travelling, we come to a little town, or 
village even, whose natives boast of it as if it were 
the scene of all beauty and perfection. We smile, 
perhaps, but it is home to them, and a healthy instinct 
tells them that home is a part of paradise. So I wish 



58 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

that it may be with every man, woman and child in 
Cambridge, and that each of them will have it in mind 
to improve the outward Cambridge and to cultivate 
high ideals which shall make the inner spiritual Cam- 
bridge more and more lovely. 

"Distance lends enchantment to the view, when we 
look back over the past not less than when we gaze 
on landscape, and yet it is not merely the glamor of 
retrospect which makes old days in Cambridge seem 
so alluring. A hundred years ago the place was un- 
like any other in this part of the country. There w^is 
much comfort, but hardly any excessive wealth. In 
Harvard Square stood the old court house, and 
nearby the old jail, and a stone's throw away, at the 
corner of tlie college yard, the old First Church lifted 
its spire. These three buildings typified the three 
primitive concerns of every community — rehgion, 
justice and punishment. Into the square from time 
to time jogged a C-spring chaise, or rumbled a rig- 
ging loaded with hay or vegetables from the farms 
beyond the village. That rather venerable looking 
old gentleman who crosses the square with conscious 
dignity is Professor X. That other who is ahnost 
equally old, but has an impulsive gait and an ex- 
plosive way of talking is Professor Popkin, going 
regularly to the tobacconists to buy his cigar. Down 
on Boylston Street, on the old road which led to 
Brighton and Brookline, is located the famous tav- 
ern which purveyed a brand of flip unequalled in 
Cambridge so long as any fli}) was allowed to be pur- 
veyed at all. You remember how President Kirk- 
land, that amiable and open-minded gentleman, went 
to the tavern one day and ordered a glass of this flip. 
They gave him of their best, which he drank with 
great gusto. 'I am told,' he said, 'that the college 
students spend much time here drinking this,' and he 
added good- naturedly, ' and I don't wonder.' Dear 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 59 

old Kirkland! Was there in the century that has 
elapsed since him a president of Harvard of whom a 
similar story could be told ? 

"The college had the lion's share of attention in 
those days, and throughout the nineteenth century, 
and the persons quaint or eminent, who are for the 
most part remembered, belonged to the college. You 
will find a delightful account of many of them in 
James Russell Lowell's sketch, 'Cambridge Thirty 
Years Ago.' There you will encounter Sales, the 
French and Spanish tutor, 'whose resounding "Haw, 
haw by George," positively enlarged the income of 
every dweller in Cambridge,' as Lowell says. And 
there, too, are Snow, the oyster man, and dear, pa- 
tient John Holmes in his younger days. How many 
of you, as you walk across Cambridge Common at 
night recall that John Holmes spent many a solitary 
evening there? 

"Coming down a generation, those of us who are 
not yet decrepit see in our mind's eye the celebrities 
and characters whom we saw in the flesh when we 
roamed around Cambridge as boys. By one of those 
tricks of memory, which we can hardly account for, I 
often have a vision of Brian McMann, the stout, red- 
faced gentleman, once a champion of the ring, I be- 
lieve, who used to bring buckets of water to refresh 
the car horses as they jingled into Harvard Square. 
And having drank, they would jingle on their way to 
Mt. Auburn or to North Cambridge. The tall elm, 
which stood in the center of the square, and gave 
shade to McMann, vanished long ago. So did he, 
and yet they are fixed in my memory as indelibly as 
that of the president of Harvard University. 

"In like manner, every Cantabrigian carries with 
him his own store of recollections of Cambridge, 
which was described by one of the first writers upon it 
as a place 'very pleasant and accommodate.' Today, 



60 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

far more than three centuries ago, those words are 
appropriate. What son of the town can forget the 
beauties of Fresh Pond, especially in the autumn 
days when the leaves begin to turn, and a soft haze 
mellows the hills which surround it? Or the valley of 
the Charles, with the river like a burnished inverted 
S lingering through it as if unwilling to depart? Or 
the college yard, with its fantastic jumble of build- 
ings over which the Japanese Ivy, kind as charity, 
throws its screening mantle to hide the multitude of 
architectural sins? Wherever the Cantabrigian looks, 
he is reminded that he is a citizen of no mean city, 
and when he searches the past he is confirmed by the 
annals of three hundred years. And there must 
rise in his heart a feeling of great satisfaction and of 
admiration and not only of admiration, but of deep 
affection, for to be linked into such a place by birth 
or by adoption is surely a great proof of good 
fortune. There comes over him the recognition that 
he must not only enjoy his inheritance, but hand it on 
untarnished and improved to those who come after 
him." 



ADDRESS OF T. HARRISON CUMMINGS 

"Cambridge in the early days was in a sense vir- 
tually the first capital of the infant republic. The 
opening scenes of the great drama of the revolution 
were first enacted here. The stage was set in Cam- 
bridge, and the annals of Cambridge in 1775, are part 
of our national history. The Adamses, Otises, 
Quincys, Hancocks, Coolidges and Winthrops were 
here. The cause of liberty was to them a precious 
inheritance and a sacred trust, handed down to them 
from their fathers of a former generation. It was no 
longer a dream with them but a living reality, and 
they pledged their lives and sacred honor to win it 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 61 

and make it secure for them and their posterity. The 
first decisive act in the struggle was the choice of 
General Washington as commander-in-chief of the 
American Army assembled here on Cambridge 
Common. 

"This act consolidated the Colonial forces, estab- 
lished confidence, and made them a united people. 
The next act in the drama was the choice of a flag that 
symbolized their ideals and cemented together all 
their hopes and aspirations, and Cambridge became 
the cradle and birthplace of the first American flag. 
A committee from the Continental Congress was 
delegated to wait upon General Washington regard- 
ing the needs of his army. His greatest need was a 
national standard and the committee reported his se^- 
lection of the Cambridge flag with the crosses of St. 
George and St. Andrew on a big union in the corner. 
On January 1, 1776, this flag was first unfurled over 
his headquarters in Cambridge, the veiy day that his 
army came into official existence here. 

"One hundred forty-five years have rolled around 
and we meet today to celebrate the 75th anniversary 
of the incorporation of the City of Cambridge. Cam- 
bridge is still here and glad to welcome you within 
its borders. After the lapse of all these years, the 
world is still in a turmoil and the times are still 
troubled, but let us say the conditions are never hope- 
less. While God reigns and the heavens still shine 
above us there is no reason for despair. 

"World history is still in the making. The process 
of righting things may be slow, but if so the fault 
must be charged to the people themselves. The rem- 
edies are simple enough, yet there is an inclination to 
look for some extraordinary thing to happen before 
there can be a readjustment. Some people talk of 
passing more laws, while others discuss the repeal of 
the laws that we already have on the statute books. 



62 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

The only laws that will cure the evil of the times in 
which we live have already been in existence 1900 
years. They are found between the covers of the one 
great book recognized by all civil governments. The 
nearer individuals come to abiding by these laws the 
easier it will be to reach a solution of their problems. 
The simpler men live the greater they will become. 
The nearer they come to being unselfish and practice 
the Golden Rule, the closer will they come to the ful- 
filling of the purposes of God. We need strong, un- 
selfish, purposeful political leadership. Our people 
are great as their leaders are great. They thrill and 
rise to great heights only as they are inspired by their 
leaders to do great things. 

"But since the late war they have been floundering 
around in an avaricious struggle to get rich, with no 
hand to restrain them. Instead of making the least 
effort to observe the Golden Rule, they have been 
yoked with the Golden Calf and no genuine effort has 
yet been made to head them off. Under the folds of 
the American flag, the revolutionary fathers have 
opened for us a new road to freedom. The flag for 
which our heroes fought guarantees equal rights 
for all before the law. It means that all distinctions 
based on birth or blood have perished from the earth ; 
that our government shall stand between labor and 
capital; between poverty and wealth; between the 
corporation and the individual ; between the weak and 
the strong. It guarantees simple justice to each and 
beneath its stars the weakest must be protected and 
the strongest obey the law. Our task is to keep this 
road to greatness, freedom, and security, an open 
highway. Every year two million young men and 
women celebrate their 21st birthday and enter the full 
duties and rights of citizens. What can we do for 
them? 

"The average citizen must be a good citizen if our 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 63 

republics are to succeed. The stream will not per- 
manently rise higher than the main source; and the 
main source of national greatness is found in the 
average citizenship of the nation. Therefore, it be- 
hooves us to do our best to see that the standard of 
the average citizen is kept high. 

"The name of Cambridge should be engraved high 
upon the sculptured pillar of Civic greatness. And 
in the years to come, we may point with pride to the 
fact that our national banner first saw the light of 
day in this city, and was Washington's flag as well 
as the first and only American flag until it was super- 
seded by the stars and stripes." 



Cije Celebration pall 

Tuesday, October 11, 1921 

While the more sedate among the populace were 
edified hy the historical aspect of the celebration pre- 
sented in the exercises held in Sanders Theatre, Tues- 
day night, the younger element followed a native and 
equally healthy bent by attending in great numbers 
the ball held in the city's most spacious hall, the State 
Armory. The great area was aglow with the beauty 
of colorful decoration and the presence of fair women. 
The march presented a spectacle wherein public dig- 
nitaries were eclipsed for once in attraction by the 
matrons and daughters of the city. 

The event was directed by President James T. 
Barrett of the City Council, his associates of thef 
Council as aids, namely, Hugh G. Anderson, Roland 
E. Brown, Arthur Drinkwater, William M. Hogan, 
Frank J. Lehan, John J. McCarthy, Horace A. 
Skilton, Harold M. Bradbury, Francis D. Coady, 
John P. Good, Daniel P. Leahy, James E. Mahler, 
Charles H. Shea, Franklin H. Wright and a group 
of citizens, namely, M. Dolan, William Connerty, 
T. Connerty, E. Maloney, R. Walsh, Walter Rear- 
don, J. Landry, J. Murphy, E. J. Tobin, Jr., Wil- 
liam Lynch, William McCarthy, W. Duddy, T. 
Reardon. 



64 




Cambridge Fire Department 




Cambridge Lodge of Elks 




Cambridge (_)dd Fe'llows and Rebekahs 




Rebekahs 




Combined Councils, Knights of Columbus 




Knights of Columbus, Santa Maria 




Pocahontas Lodge, Elks of the' World 




Knights of Pythias 



Columbus Day, October 12, 1921 

The spectacular event of the celebration, the one 
which focussed the interest and attention of the whole 
people was the parade of Wednesday, October 12th, 
the closing day of a memorable series. Herein was 
shown the sagacity of Mayor Quinn in proposing that 
the climax of the celebration should take place on the 
holiday dedicated to the man of Genoa whose vision, 
courage and determination opened a new world tq 
civihzation. 

Many races of men and women participated in a 
demonstration that should mark the beginning of an 
enlightened program of Americanism and civics. All 
were animated — those who are native here with the 
many others who came from elsewhere — with the 
true spirit of community glory and service. Enthu- 
siasm prevailed all along the lengthened route. For a 
brief period at the beginning it looked as though the 
sky was not attuned to harmonize with the occasion, 
but a friendly sun fought with lowering rain clouds 
and, after a brief and spirited battle, wherein feminine 
raiment designed to decorate the many floats was 
damaged just a little, the day was serene and clear 
until the close. 

Building owners, merchants and residents joined in 
decorative effects to recognize the significance of the 
celebration. With over 30,000 men, women and chil- 
dren in line and a state holiday providing ample op- 
portunity, it was not unexpected that thousands out- 



66 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

side of the city would make Cambridge a patriotic 
mecca for the day. A careful estimate discloses that 
the paraders marched by living walls numbering 
500,000 people. The school children equalled the 
many floats in attraction as they plodded the long 
trail with the persistency and seriousness that denoted 
the traditional Cambridge spirit. 

The route of parade was as follows: Starting 
point, Dover Street and Massachusetts Avenue; 
Massachusetts Avenue to Columbia Street ; Columbia 
Street to Cambridge Street; Cambridge Street to 
Sixth Street; Sixth Street to Main Street; Main 
Street to Charles River Road. 

Never before in the history of outdoor celebrations 
in this section of the state was held a procession so 
varied and significant in its features calculated in 
every detail to teach the lesson of community pride 
and service. The eye was dazzled and observation 
confused by the rapid succession of marching groups, 
interwoven with floats descriptive of the ideals of the 
many different races resident in Cambridge, all mov- 
ing in harmony towards the common goal of Ameri- 
can citizenship. 

ROSTER OF PARADE, OCTOBER 12 

Police Detail 

Chief McBride, Captain Canney, Captain Leahy 

Platoon of Police 

Chief Marshal 
Captain Ralph W. Robart 

Chief of Staff 
George W. Cole, U. S. W. V. 



cambridge seventy-five years a city 67 

Honorary Chief of Staff 
Warren F. Spalding, G. A. R. 

assistant chiefs of staff 

Lieutenant E. Gilmore Shepherd, Joseph F. Scott, 

Captain Francis J. Good 

sergeant bugler 
Simon Touchette 

bugler 
Carleton F. Walcott 



AIDES 

Ehner C. Coolbrith 
Lieut. Eliot E. McDowell 
Lieut. Winthrop Adams 
Lieut. Francis J. Roche 
Francis E. Ford 
Daniel J. O'Brien 
Major Simon B. Kelleher 
Francis P. Powers 
Comdr. William W. Ramsey 
Sgt. Edward M. Kelleher 
Lieut. Bradford H. Pierce 
A. Frank Montgomery 



Joseph J. Gannon 
Jeremiah F. Downey 
William J. Foley 
Raymond L. Bedard 
Edwin A. Rich, Jr. 
Lieut. David C. Dow 
Arthur T. Browne 
Daniel J. Toomey 
Albert T. Doyle 
Edward F. Sullivan 
Edward A. Counihan 
Leo J. Cooper 



Ginn & Co. Band, 30 Pieces 



HONORARY 

Thomas F. Atkinson 
James F. Aylward 
Hon. Charles Almy 
Charles R. Apted 
Philip R. Ammidon 
Albert S. Apsey 
Dr. William G. Brousseau 
Prof. Joseph H. Beale 



AIDES 

John B. Byrne 
James F. Black 
Stoughton Bell 
Alexander H. Bill 
Herbert M. Bridey 
Elmer H. Bright 
Albert M. Barnes 
Thomas H. Batt 



68 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 



Otis S. Brown 
Leopold Bartel 
Hon. John P. Brennan 
Hon. James W. Bean 
Dr. Francis J. Barnes 
Nathaniel W. Bunker 
Robert Burns 
Dr. T. F. Brassil 
Dr. J. J. Boyle 
John H. Corcoran 
Dr. H. A. Chase 
Francis J. Carney 
Walter I. Cowlishaw 
Dr. Charles S. Cahill 
Francis A. Countway 
Thomas H. Cummings 
George Howland Cox 
David F. Corcoran 
Henry J. Cunningham 
James J. Conley 
Edward J. Conley 
G. E. Carstein 
Hon. Edw. A. Counihan, Jr. 
Edward Cohen 
James G. Cassedy 
John F. Danskin 
Joseph E. Doherty 
Thomas A. Dewire 
William W. Davis 
William R. Davis 
Walter G. Davis 
Dr. John E. Dwyer 
Dr. Thomas H. Heaton 
Dr. J. Robert McKenzie 
Stephen H. Harrington 
George F. McKellegett 
James A. Montgomery 



Austin de Guglielmo 
John B. Dore 
Frank T. Evans 
Eliot Emerson 
John R. Fairbairn 
J. Frank Facey 
J. Joseph Foley 
A. T. Gutheim, 
John L. G. Glynn 
George F. Giles 
Charles E. Gordon 
John P. Gately 
Harris Ginsburg 
James J. Hill 
Arthur R. Henderson 
Richard H. Dana 
Harry F. R. Dolan 
Robert O. Dalton 
Michael J. Harty 
Prof. W. F. Harris 
John H. Hurley 
Thos. M. B. Hicks 
Thomas Hadley 
John J. Harrington 
William Hennessey 
John E. Hannigan 
Harry Joel 
H. D. Litchfield 
David E. Lonergan 
George W. Long 
Albert E. Lynch 
William H. Lewis 
Joseph W. Monahan 
Frank X. Masse 
Dr. E. A. McCarthy 
Dr. Leo T. Myles 
William B. McCoy 



CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 



69 



C. F. J. McCue 
Henry J. Mahoney 
Dr. William Milligan 
John B. McCloskey 
Clement G. Morgan 
James F. O'Brien 
Michael A. O'Leary 
William P. O'Connor 
Michael M. O'Connor 
Dr. George F. Norton 
Harry A. Penniman 
Hyman Pill 
Gilbert A. A. Pevey 
C. Fred Pierce 
Forris W. Norris 
Walter L. Potter 
Samuel W. Prussian 
Edward M. Parker 
Joseph P. Quilty 
John J. Quinlan 
Herbert L. Rose 
J. Lee Robinson 



Andrew J. Rady 
Theodore H. Raymond 
Edmund Reardon 
J. Henry Russell 
Frank F. Rogers 
George E. Saunders 
Jeremiah F. Sullivan 
James J. Scully 
C. Burnside Seagrave 
William F. Shine 
Richard W. Sutton 
Edward J. Sennott 
Joseph G. Thorp 
Samuel Usher 
George B. Wasson 
WiUiam M. Wadden 
Henry J. Winslow 
Robert Walcott 
Edmund A. Whitman 
Thomas E. WilHams 
James Walsh 
H. Whiting 



2nd Battahon, 101st Infantry, M. N. G., 
Major George S. Penney, Commanding 

Company G, Capt. Crawford J. Ferguson 

Company E, Lieut. Frederick Goulding 

Company F, Capt. Edward Fitzgerald 

Lieutenant Bartholomew J. Hally and Ensign 
Edmund J. Brandon, Personal Aides to Guests 

Guard of Honor to Invited Guests, All Decorated 
Veterans of the World War 



Mayor Quinn, City Council and Invited Guests 



70 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 

FIRST DIVISION 

Military 
Francis J. O'Reilly, G. A. R., Commanding 

AIDE 

Frank L. Zelck, Spanish War Veterans 

1st Coast Artillery Band, 20 pieces 

Leslie F. Hunting Camp, United Spanish War 

Veterans, Commander Edward C. Doland, 

Commanding 

101st Infantry Band, Twenty Pieces 

Cambridge Post No. 27 American Legion 

Vice- Commander John D. Crowley, Commanding 

Corporal RusseU E. Hoyt Post V. F. W. 
Vice-Commander William Proctor, Commanding 

Mclnnes' Band 

Post 30, G. A. R., Commander William Gallagher 

Post 186, G. A. R., Commander Warren F. Spalding 

Post 5Q, G. A. R., Commander W. H. H. Howe 

Post 57, G. A. R., Commander Eben Pratt 
J. C. Wellington Camp, No. 14, S. of V. 

Post 56 Camp, S. of V. 

Daughters of Veterans 

Women's Relief Corps 

Ladies of G. A. R. 

S. of V. Auxiliary 

Cambridge Fire Department 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 71 

SECOND DIVISION 

Fraternal 
William J. Fitzgerald, Marshal 

AIDES 

Captain Joseph M. Stokes 
John P. Ryan 

O'Neil's Band, 20 Pieces 

Knights of Pythias 

St. Joseph's Fife and Drum Corps 

Cambridge Aerie of Eagles 

Ives' Band 

Cambridge Lodge of Elks 

Oriental Band 

Cambridge Odd Fellows and Rebekahs 

Alhambra Band 

Combined Councils Cambridge Knights of Columbus 

Second Separate National Guard Band 

Pocahontas Lodge and Waneta Temple, Elks of the 

World 

Harvard Lodge, 1542, G. U. O. O. F. 

Climax Lodge, Knights of Pythias 

Blessed Sacrament Fife and Drum Corps 

Blessed Sacrament Cadets 

Division 31, Ancient Order of Hibernians and 
Auxiliary 

Royal Arcanum 

Cambridge True Blue Orange Lodge 
Knights of Malta 

Franco- American Societies 



72 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

THIRD DIVISION 

Civic 
Harry M. Gerry, Marshal 

AIDE 

Lieut. Robert J. McLaughlin 

101st Engineers' Band, 20 Pieces 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Fr. Mathew Total Abstinence Society 

Y. M. C. A. Float 

Salvation Army Band 

Swedish Societies with Floats 
and Band 

Massachusetts Division of Blind 

Diazz Band 

Italian Societies 

White Eagle Pohsh Band 

United Polish Societies 

Sons and Daughters of Liberty 

Liberty and Portuguese Bands 

United Portuguese Societies 

The Lithuanian Liberty Band 

United Lithuanian Societies 

Lafayette Band 

Armenian Society 

Chinese Float 

Boy Scouts of America 

Inman Sq. Catholic Society 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 73 

FOURTH DIVISION 

Women's 
Mrs. Wayland M. Minot, Marshal 

AIDES 

Miss Gladys Hanna 
Captain James B. Casey 

Boston Fusilier Band 
Sargent School Girls 
Radcliffe College Girls 
Estella Hatch Auxiliary No. 27 
United Spanish War Veterans 
Women's Auxihary, Cambridge Post, No. 27, 
American Legion 
American Chapter, Bed Cross 
St. Omar Temple, Pythian Sisters 
Court Louise, Cathohc Daughters of America 
Court La Rabida, Catholic Daughters of America 
Cambridge Training School for Nurses 
Barry's Band, 20 Pieces 
Girl Scouts of America 
Y. W. C. A. and the Margaret Fuller House Branch, 
Y. W. C. A. 
New England Order of Protection 
Twelfth Lincoln Lodge, No. 43, Home Benefit 
Association 
Cambridge Women's Club 
Ruth Fielding Child Players' League 
Nellie Ferguson's Pupils 
St. Mary's Branch, I. N. F. 
Charlesgate Hospital Nurses 



74 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

FIFTH DIVISION 

Municipal 
Michael E. Fitzgerald, Marshal 

AIDES 

Lieut. Elmer Tapley 
James Dugan 

Waltham Watch Band, 20 Pieces 

School Children of City of Cambridge 

Charles F. Hurley, of School Committee, in charge 

High and Latin School 

Rindge Technical 

Continuation School 

Wellington School 

Kelley School 
Thorndike School 

Morse School 

Harvard School 

Haggerty School 

Agassiz School 

Russell School 

Elhs School 

Strachan's Band, 20 Pieces 

Houghton School Peabody School 

Fletcher School Putnam School 

Webster School Roberts School 

Parochial Schools of City of Cambridge 

Cambridge City Home Float 

City Departments 

Teachers' Club Float 

Cambridge Public Library Float 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 75 

SIXTH DIVISION 

Industries and Trades 
Mr. George M. Gray, Marshal 

aides 

Nathaniel F. P. Nichols 

Ernest F. Stockwell 

Howard Stockwell 

Warren's Post No. 68 G. A. R. Band, 20 Pieces 

W. A. Mason & Sons, Surveyors, Float 

Inman Trust, Float 

Cambridge Electric Light Co., Float 

Cambridge Gas Light Co., Float 

Boston Structural Steel, Truck with Riveter 

NeapoKtan Ice Cream, Float 

N. E. Telephone, Float 

General Motors Service Company, Automobile 

Worthington Pump (Blake & Knowles), Two 
Trucks 

Cunningham Bros., Float 

Barbour- Stockwell, Decorated Teams 

John P. Squire & Co. 

John Boggs, Grocers, Decorated Team 

C. F. Hathaway Co., Float and Band 

C. Brigham, Decorated Truck and Horse-Drawn 

Team 

Mason & Hamlin, Two Decorated Trucks 



76 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Dover Stamping Company, Decorated Trucks 
Nelson's Department Store, Float 
Standard Oil Company, Four Decorated Trucks 
Representing Four Classes of Industry 
Peter Gray & Sons Company, Float 
E. & R. Laundry, Decorated Truck 
Ward Baking Company, Decorated Delivery Trucks 
Wilson & Company, Three-Horse Display Wagon 
Flash Chemical Company 
Ernest Flentje 
Ford Motor Company 
Coleman Bros., Two Horse-Drawn Decorated 
Wagons 
Eliot Addressograph Company 
Irving & Casson & A. H. Davenport Company 
Swift & Company, Trucks 
Boston Confectionery Company 
Carr Fastener Company 
Penn Metal Company 
Fleischmann Company 
Cambridge Laundry 
Potter Confectionery Company 
New England Confectionery Company 
Gold Medal Flour 



Judges of Parade 

Alfred F. Burke, Director of Art, Cambridge Public 

Schools 

Prof. Charles E. Bellatty, Boston University 

Col. Thomas F. Brown, Faneuil 



CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 77 

THE PRIZE WINNERS 

It was a difficult and embarrassing task for the 
judges to select prize winners out of the many excel- 
lent displays in line. Comment was universal in ad- 
miration of their judgment. It may be here oppor- 
tunely said, by way of parenthesis, that a most happy 
occasion took place on Thursday evening of the fol- 
lowing week when Mayor Quinn, at City Hall, 
before a large gathering, presented the prizes to rep- 
resentatives of the various winning organizations. 



First Division 



Best Float, Spanish War Veterans. Cup accepted 

by Ehner C. Coolbrith. 
Best Showing, American Legion. Cup accepted by 

Vice-Commander John D. Crowley. 
Honorable Mention, Cambridge Fire Department. 

Second Division 

Best Float, Knights of Columbus. Cup accepted by 

District Deputy John C. Haverty. 
Best Showing, Blessed Sacrament Cadets. Cup 

accepted by Rev. John A. Butler. 
Best Showing, Pocahontas Lodge, Colored Elks. 

Cup accepted by Exalted Ruler John W. Jackson. 
Honorable Mention, Cambridge Lodge of Elks. 

Third Division 

Best Float, Swedish Societies. Cup accepted by 

Herbert W. Ekmark. 
Best Showing, Swedish Societies. Cup accepted by 

Herbert W. Ekmark. 
Honorable Mention, Itahan Float Dante. 



78 cambridge seventy-five years a city 

Fourth Division 

Best Float, Cambridge Training School for Nurses. 

Cup accepted by their Superintendent, Miss 

Jenness Hall. 

Best Showing, Sargent School Girls. Cup accepted 

by Miss Mary C. Dillon. 
Honorable Mention, St. Omar Temple, Pythian 

Sisters. 
Honorable Mention, Court Louise, CathoHc Daugh- 
ters of America. 
Honorable Mention, New England Order of 
Protection. 

Fifth Division 

Best Float, Cambridge Continuation School. Cup 

accepted by Director James Dugan. 
Best Showing, Bindge Technical School. Cup 

accepted by Principal John W. Wood. 
Honorable Mention, Harvard School. 
Honorable Mention, St. Mary's Parochial School. 
Honorable Mention, Teachers' Club Float. 
Honorable Mention, Americanization Section. 

Sixth Division 

Best Float, N. E. Tel. & Tel. Co. Cup accepted by 

George A. Gore. 
Best Showing, Ward Baking Co. Cup accepted by 

A. M. Gibson. 
Honorable Mention, Inman Trust Co. Float. 

SPECIAL PRIZE (Silver Shield) 

Awarded to the Combined Lodges of Odd Fellows, 

the Organization Having the Largest 

Number in Line. 



"^ice#resibent^peakg at tKecijnologp 

It was a tired but satisfied army that marched 
proudly by the Vice-President of the United States, 
Calvin Coolidge, as he stood surrounded by digni- 
taries of state and city, including the popular pres- 
ence of the army in the person of Major General 
Edwards, with the stately pile of the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology as a background and the 
flowing Charles in the foreground of the picture. 

The Vice-President had shown a pleased interest in 
the events of the day and his scholarly address spoken 
to the multitude which stood in the broad parkway 
was couched in strong, simple and moving language, 
so excellent a quality in the equipment of the man. 

Address of Vice-President Following Parade 

"This is a day well set apart for remembering that 
Cambridge has been a city for three-quarters of a 
century. It is a day on which we well may mark 
humble beginnings, made in sacrifice and uncertainty, 
which have run a triumphant course. This is Colum- 
bus Day. It may be that other Europeans had been 
here before the tiny fleet that bore the great admiral, 
but he was the first in making a true voyage of dis- 
covery, the first in definitely and permanently reveal- 
ing to civilization the existence of a new world, a high 
purpose, daringly executed, which has set its im- 
perishable mark on more than half of the western 
hemisphere. Those who followed in his wake one 
hundred and thirty-eight years later were likewise 
discoverers, who have given to the world the revela- 
tion of a greater country, a mightier empire, which 
lay within the soul of man. It was a people with this 

79 



80 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

purpose who founded Cambridge, nourished and sup- 
ported it with their devotion, saw it grow in strength 
and finally become merged in the great expression of 
their inspired efforts, the American nation. The 
development of that romance which we call history 
entered a new phase on that October day in 1492 over 
which the City of Cambridge was to cast a mighty 
and enduring influence. 

"This city is the result of that greater Puritan 
exodus which began in 1630 which first brought the 
company of which John Winthrop was Governor to 
the shores of Massachusetts Bay. They were no 
ordinary men who agreed at Cambridge, England, 
on August 26, 1629, to engage in this great adven- 
ture. Into it they put their fortunes and their lives. 
They proposed to inhabit and continue in New Eng- 
land and further stipulated that the whole govern- 
ment ... be legally transferred and established 
to remain with us and others which shall inhabit said 
plantation. Under this charter the colony remained 
an independent republic for fifty-four years. When 
the conditions around the first settlement at Charles- 
town were found inadequate, and the location too 
exposed to attack from sea, in the dispersal which 
followed in 1631, a settlement (intended to be the 
seat of the government), was made within the limits 
of the present city under the name of Newtowne. 
Here the Governor, John Winthrop, Deputy Gov- 
ernor Thomas Dudley and one of the assistants, 
Simon Bradstreet, built houses and the general court 
met here and in Boston for some years. But a higher 
power than the agreement of men had decreed that 
the chief authority to be vested here in the years to 
come should be not over the political domain of a 
colony but over the mightier domain of science, 
letters, and of arts. 

"The following year there came to the town the 




I f^M2 ¥.A h n J J -^ 



Blessed Sacrament Cadets 




Young Men's Christian Association 




Massachusetts Division of Blind 




Italian Societies 




vSwEDisH Societies 




Float, Swedish Societies 




Chinese Float 










Spanish War Veterans' Auxiliary 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 81 

Braintree congregation, soon to be joined by their 
great minister, Thomas Hooker. When this congre- 
gation removed to Hartford soon after, their places 
were taken by Thomas Shepard, a minister, who was 
to exercise great influence, and his comrades who had 
lately come across the seas. The settlement was 
firmly established now with four or five hundred 
people, the church organized and town ordinances in 
effect. 

"This year was a memorable one. An early report 
states one of the next things we longed for and looked 
after was to advance learning and perpetuate it to 
posterity, dreading to have an illiterate ministry to 
the churches when our present ministers shall lie in 
dust. Therefore, under the governorship of Sir 
Harry Vane — soon to be displaced by Winthrop for 
his sympathy with Mrs. Hutchinson — at a most im- 
portant election held on Newtowne Common, in order 
that 'the Commonwealth be furnished with knowing 
and understanding men and the churches with an 
able ministry,' on October 28, 1636, the general court 
'agrees to give 400 pounds toward a school or college 
— whereof 200 pounds shall be paid the next year and 
200 pounds when the work is finished.' The next 
year the general court voted that the college 'is or- 
dered to be at Newtowne and that ISTewtowne shall 
henceforth be called Cambridge.' When the effort 
seemed likely to fail, John Winthrop relates that it 
pleased God to stir up the heart of one John Harvard, 
a godly gentleman and lover of learning then living 
among us, to bequeath the one half of his estate, in 
all about 700 pounds, toward the erection of the 
college, and all his library. In recognition of this 
gift, in 1638 the general court provided that the col- 
lege at Cambridge be called Harvard College. In 
the same year a printing press arrived, which was 
soon to be an appendage to Harvard College, where 



82 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

the first book printed in America was struck off, a 
metrical version of the Psalms for religious use. In 
1640 Henry Dunster became president and in '42 
Governor Winthrop recorded that 'Nine bachelors 
commenced at college . . . and . . . gave 
good proof of their proficiency in the tongues and 
arts.' 

"These were a people with a great genius for civil 
and religious government. The First General Coun- 
cil of Churches was held in Cambridge in 1637 and 
here in 1646 met the synod which adopted the Cam- 
bridge platform. Under it the churches were gov- 
erned for a long time to come. The Massachusetts 
Body of Liberties, being the code of laws of the 
colony, was adopted in 1641. This was followed in 
two years by the New England Confederation. One 
of the Massachusetts commissioners who negotiated 
and signed it was Thomas Dudley of Cambridge. 
This was the first step toward a federal constitution. 
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, often 
called the first written constitution that created a 
government, were not without a Cambridge tinge, for 
it owed its being to the teachings of that Thomas 
Hooker who went from here with his congregation to 
Hartford. If we include with these the Mayflower 
compact of 1620, here are six New England produc- 
tions of the fundamental principles of government 
within a space of twenty-six years which rank with 
all the great charters of history. They were not yet 
in the form of finished product, but they embody the 
principles of freedom, of independence, of personal 
security, and of confederated government, under the 
protection of constitution and public law. The im- 
portant influence of Cambridge went into this great 
work. 

"When we consider that all this was accomplished 
by a little handful of men, beset by hostile savages 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 83 

on one hand and by a hostile home government on the 
other, burdened by the necessity of hewing out a* 
home in a wilderness of severe climate and difficult 
soil, their achievement rises into one of the great 
heroisms of history. 

"They were not only a great people, they were 
greatly led. The principal citizen of Cambridge was 
Thomas Dudley, who came at a mature age as deputy 
governor. He had fought at the siege of Amiens 
under King Henry of Navarre. He was a man of 
the world, experienced in the management of large 
business enterprises, in public office more than twenty 
years and four times Governor. The charter of 
Harvard College granted in 1650 is signed Thomas 
Dudley, Governor. Simon Bradstreet was another 
one of the founders of the town who rose to be Gov- 
ernor. But the life of the colony was influenced by 
the clergy in a way difficult for us to comprehend. 
The religious life of these days was much more promi- 
nent than it has since been. It was the main reason 
which had driven these people across the sea. One 
of the first ministers of Cambridge was Thomas 
Hooker. The term of his ministry was not long, but 
of an intensity which reached into the centuries. Here 
and at Hartford he was the foremost expounder of 
Congregationalism in the church and democracy in the 
state. Preaching before the General Court at Hart- 
ford in 1638 he brought out with great strength and 
clearness the principles which have guided the mak- 
ing of the American nation. He was followed by 
Thomas Shepard, who preached for twelve years. A 
man of piety, tact and grace, if Hooker has set his 
mark on church and state, Shepard has set his on 
education. It was his presence in this town that 
caused it to be the location of the college and he was 
one of the committee of six magistrates and six 
clergymen who were chosen to establish it. The moral 



84 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 

power of these two men still teaches in every school- 
house, speaks in every town meeting, sits in every 
legislative assembly, and inspires all who seek for 
freedom through a knowledge of the truth. 

"There is added to these a fourth, not a clergyman 
but a scholar and an associate of clergymen, not a 
resident of Cambridge, but its greatest benefactor, 
the promoter of learning, John Harvard. His figure 
is at once a romance and a reality. Connected witlj 
Stratford-on-Avon, he links the college with Shake- 
speare, who certainly knew his family both in the 
Warwickshire village and in London town. Edu- 
cated at Emmanuel, he connects the college with 
Milton, who was with him in the university. He 
emigrated to Charlesto^vn in 1637 and died the next 
year. The legacy which he left gave to the college 
both a local habitation and a name. To him it gave 
immortality. He estabhshed on this continent the 
commonwealth of letters. The Puritan laid the 
foundation of the state in righteousness and the foun- 
dation of democracy in learning. 

"Resting on these never to be shaken principles, 
the college, the town and the colony increased in 
strength together, preparing for those days which 
were to determine whether the civilization of the new 
world had the strength and the determination to go 
forward or whether it should fall back into the easy 
ways of dependence and of servitude. A considerable 
number of fine residences were built here where men 
in the business and professional world of the day 
made their homes. Some of these most stately man- 
sions were afterwards to bear the unsavory name of 
Tory Row. In 1720 Massachusetts Hall, which is 
still standing, was built by the province, another 
stronghold of freedom in an institution which in the 
coming years was to find that being loyal to the truth 
was being rebel to the king. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 85 

"When the test came Cambridge joined Boston in 
resisting the unlawful impositions of the home gov- 
ernment. When General Gage removed the powder 
and cannon belonging to the province from Somer- 
ville the militia of the countryside came into Cam- 
bridge and forced Lieutenant-Governor Oliver and 
Councillors Danforth and Lee to resign the offices 
which they held under a royal warrant in September, 
1774. The following month saw the first provincial 
congress assembled in the Cambridge meeting house. 
This congress withdrew the colony from the royal 
authority and set up a government of its own. They 
provided for raising and equipping a military force. 
This Massachusetts declaration was made in October, 
1774. 

"It was these preparations that made the colony 
ready for the reception which was to be given the 
British at Lexington and Concord on the 19th of the 
next April. Their way lay through Cambridge on 
that memorable day and the severest fighting took 
place within her borders. It has been estimated that 
within forty-eight hours there were ten thousand 
militiamen in Cambridge. As the patriots came in 
the Tory population went out. Their jQne residences 
were soon occupied by the commanding officers. It 
was from Cambridge camp on the night of June 16th 
that fifteen hundred of these men, carrying the bless- 
ing of the venerable President Langdon, set forth 
for Bunker Hill and immortality. In the meantime, 
the Continental Congress had declared these forces in 
the field to be a Continental army and made Wash- 
ington its commander-in-chief. Here on the 3rd of 
July, under the elm which has since borne his name, 
he not only took command of the army, but took 
direction of the revolution which was to be won, but 
won only by his determination, his courage and his 
unerring judgment. His residence here with Mrs. 



86 CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Washington at Craigie house until the following 
spring is distinction enough for any American city. 

"Here he organized an army. He held the British 
forces closer and closer in Boston until General 
Knox, bringing on sleds the cannon which Ethan 
Allen had captured at Ticonderoga, suppHed the 
artillery with which he fortified Dorchester Heights, 
compelling the evacuation of Boston on the 17th of 
March, 1776. 

"Before the fate of the Revolution had been deter- 
mined there convened in the Cambridge meeting 
house in September, 1779, as a worthy successor of the 
Provincial Congress the convention which was to 
adopt the Declaration of Rights and the Frame of 
Government which has since been the constitution of 
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is a most 
notable document demonstrating that what had been 
planned and hoped under the leadership of men from 
Emmanuel College in the old Cambridge in the early 
days of the 17th century, would be realized and per- 
formed under the leadership of men from Harvard 
College in the new Cambridge in the latter days of 
the 18th century. 

"The war swept over Cambridge, leaving on it for 
many a day the stern imprint of a military camp. The 
outward signs have been swept away. Fort Washing- 
ton remains, part of the fortification, and at Soldiers' 
Monument are two of the cannon brought from 
Ticonderoga. The great company are gone, soldiers 
and statesmen of the Revolution. The nest of sedi- 
tion which had bred patriots in war bred leaders in 
peace. The mansions of the Tories now held Amer- 
icans. The Vassall house, where Washington had 
headquarters, was the home of Longfellow. The 
Oliver house, where a hospital was provided during 
the siege, became the home of Elbridge Gerry, a 
signer of the Declaration, Governor and Vice-Presi- 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 87 

dent, and here was born and lived James Russell 
Lowell. While in the old Hastings house, the head- 
quarters of General Ward, where Bunker Hill was 
planned, where Warren spent his last night on earth, 
from whose door went forth President Langdon to 
bless the patriot cause, was born Oliver Wendell 
Holmes. The list of great men grew with the growth 
of Cambridge. 

"Such was the background of that old town which 
became a new city in 1846. This was the beginning 
of a new era. The ways of the eighteenth century 
were gone. One of your native sons. Colonel Thomas 
Wentworth Higginson, tells us that Mr. Sales, the 
Franco- Spanish teacher who lived till 1854, had cue 
and hair powder; Dr. Popkin, who died in 1852, wore 
the last of the cocked hats. There was a new spirit of 
science and of literature, a new age of invention and 
of commerce. But commerciahsm did not overwhelm 
this city. It prospered, but it kept its ideals. Where 
the regicides, Whalley and Goffe, had found a re- 
fuge, where was reared that son of Harvard, John 
Russell, who harbored them so long at Hadley, the 
fires of freedom still burned, the rights of man were 
not regarded as a vision but as a practical reality. 
Here it was still believed that justice between man 
and man was to be not merely a sentimental dream 
but a rule of action by which to live. They knew that 
freedom was only for those who were always alert to 
maintain it by their sacrifices. 

"It was from this city there came the first company 
enrolled in response to Lincoln's call. The summons 
came late in the night. The next morning Captain 
Richardson's company reported at the State House 
to Governor Andrew, — great grandson of another 
captain who was on the staff of General Wolfe when 
he fell on the plains of Abraham and who was him- 
self to fall on the glorious 19th of April. Through 



88 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 

Moses Richardson to James P. Richardson the im- 
mortal flame came down from sire to son. 

"While that generous commercial and industrial 
development which has marked all New England 
cities has not been wanting here, with it has gone 
educational development. In response to the demand 
for higher education for women, Radcliffe College, 
now closely related to the University, was established 
and ranks in scholarship and attainments with the 
best institutions in the land. Here also has lately 
been located the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
nology, whose great plant rises from the shores of the 
Charles, a temple of science and a living monument 
to the spirit of the Commonwealth. 

"Cambridge has become more than a city. As the 
college became a university, the town has become a 
metropolis. The pursuit of learning predominates, 
but the multitude of worthy actions which support 
modern civilization are all represented here. The 
ancient spirit lives. That same loyalty to truth which 
sent the Puritan into the wilderness, supported the 
Revolution and destroyed slavery, emptied alike her 
houses of industry and the halls of learning in the last 
great conflict between freedom and despotism. 

"They followed the truth. In what other words 
could we better tell the story of Columbus and his 
mariners, what more accurately describes the Puri- 
tans, what prouder designation could be borne by 
Americans? True discoverers have been coming all 
the time since 1492, true Puritans all the time since 
1630. Cambridge is not merely a place and a name, 
it is an ideal. Colmnbus did not discover it. The 
Puritan did not found it. None can exclusively ap- 
propriate it. It has been from everlasting to ever- 
lasting. The City of Cambridge means that the 
people within her borders have lived by it. They 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 89 

have followed the truth. That is science. That is art. 
That is learning. That alone is civilization." 

Preceding this great feature, Mayor Quinn had 
opened the meeting with an introductory speech, 
brief and felicitous. 

Congressman Frederick W. Dallinger expressed 
the pleasure and inspiration of the day in words of 
eloquence. 

President of the Council, James T. Barrett closed 
the session with a spirited speech which covered in 
pointed epitome the philosophy of the day and the 
occasion. 



Ci)c panquet 

Wednesday^ October 12, 1921 

Riverbank Court, picturesque and admirably 
placed on the Charles, now became the scene where 
Cambridge showed her hospitality and grasped the 
opportunity to thank all who collaborated to make 
the event so enduring a success. At the close of the 
parade a banquet was held at which were present the 
guests of the day and a group of citizens representing 
all the varied elements in a cosmopolitan community. 
The affair was informal and, with Vice-President 
Coolidge on his right and Congressman Dallinger on 
his left. Mayor Quinn presented the aspect of a most 
gracious host. He said in opening: 

"Mr. Vice-President, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
This is an occasion for me both rare and fraught with 
unforgettable memories. It is not given to every chief 
executive of a city to play a leading role in a celebra- 
tion so significant as this which is just about to close. 
What a milestone in the onward march of community 
progress have we here; of what immeasurable value 
are the lessons of citizenship involved in this brief 
pause in the hurly-burly of every day existence, to 
take an account of stock, to scrutinize ourselves and 
our community, to discover whether or not we are 
carrying along the torch of progress so that the next 
generation may profit by the quality and purpose of 
our stewardship. 

"The presence here of the second highest officer of 
our country happily so placed that in greeting so high 
an official we welcome a friend, comrade and neigh- 
bor, enhances the pleasure as it heightens the dignity 
and significance of the moment. Truly, as you have 
so simply and eloquently said in your address of an 

90 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 91 

hour ago, Mr. Vice-President, Cambridge has a high 
place in the national honor roll. We are citizens of 
no mean city and the inspiration to do great things 
lies treasured in the traditions of this compact and 
cosmopolitan community. If we are inchned to 
falter in our course, such an occasion as this will re- 
animate our spirits and put a tongue in the very 
stones of our streets to cry out upon us to keep the 
faith of the fathers. The tendency of the times is 
ever in the drift towards material things and we are 
often forgetful of the scriptural message that men do 
not live by bread alone. Things of spiritual appeal 
are ever held aloft like a banner of the ideal where men 
and women look upon their duties as members of a 
community with the same interest and respect with 
which they contemplate their privileges. Others 
resident in places less renowned for past worthiness 
envy us our priceless heritage, and let us see to it that 
they may have no true occasion to say that we are 
careless and indifferent in appreciation of the privi- 
leges we enjoy as members of this historic 
community." 

The Vice-President spoke briefly in response to the 
Mayor, felicitating the city upon a most estimable 
occasion. In like language of point and brevity, 
Congressman Dallinger expressed his pleasure in be- 
ing thought worthy as a son of Cambridge and repre- 
senting her interests in the national hall of Congress, 
to be included in so splendid a demonstration of civic 
pride. 

President James T. Barrett of the City Council, 
a man of active mind and exuberant temperament, 
created a stir (which the Vice-President in his quiet 



92 CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 

way was observed to enjoy with keen zest) in a 
characteristic address as hereinunder: 

"Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen: It was most inspir- 
ing today to witness the parade which brought our 
75th anniversary as a city to a close. All the more 
so when we realize that the vast majority who parti- 
cipated in our memorable celebration are those who 
are unable to trace their lineage in this country 
farther back than a generation or two, yet, from their 
manifestations today, who will question that they are 
willing to be numbered as patriots or who more zeal- 
ous in displaying their ardent love for our country, its 
institutions and our beloved city. 

"We ought to feel proud of a municipality that 
turns out such a high type of citizenship for, aftep 
all, in the words of one of our distinguished philoso- 
phers, 'A nation is not measured by the size of cities, 
the fertiUty of its soil, by the wealth of its harvest or 
its bountiful crops, but by the citizens that the nation 
turns out.' And what is applicable to nations and 
states the same may justly apply to cities. In the 
line of parade today we have witnessed in the makeup 
of that vast procession, the sons and daughters of 
every clime in God's great universe, all hving to- 
gether as brothers and sisters in amity and peace. 

"In Cambridge, since its inception as a city, the 
greatest charity between Catholics and Protestants, 
Jews and Gentiles, has ever been observed. We have 
sat side by side in the same schools and universities, 
entered into friendly competition in commercial pur- 
suits and fought side by side in battle and political 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 93 

strife, have gone hand in hand in the noble work of 
charity, patriotism, good government and citizenship, 
good- will and toleration, each justly granting to the 
other perfect freedom of conscience and of worship 
according to each, his inherited belief. 

"This example is one of which the citizens of om* 
beloved municipality are proud, and you, Mr. 
Vice-President, holding the second highest office 
within the gift of the people, you who have honored 
us by your presence this afternoon, will, I know, be 
pleased to impart and inculcate what we regard our 
highest civic virtue to other cities which I know you 
intend to honor by your presence and advice. 

"From a patriotic standpoint Cambridge has been 
foremost in fighting for freedom; from the over- 
throwing of the yoke of our original oppressors, to 
the glorious days when we purged our Southern breth- 
ren from the sin of slavery, clipping the last remnant 
of European oppression from the grateful Isle of 
Cuba, to the victory of the late World War, she stands 
as an inspiring figure for justice and righteousness. 

"I think one of the finest tributes paid to the 
multifold blood of our citizenship fused in the great 
crucible of American ideals, and one which will be 
entirely in keeping with the celebration that we are 
now bringing to a close, was written by James W. 
Foley of New York. It has pith, wit, truth and com- 
prehension and it is couched in serviceable poetry. 
Will you indulge me in its recital? It is entitled: 



94 CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

YANKS 

"O'Leary from Chicago, and a first-class fighting man 
Born in County Clare or Kerry where the gentle art began, 
Sergeant Denis P. O'Leary from somewhere on Archie Road 
Dodging shells and smelling powder while the battle ebbed 
and flowed. 

"And the captain says : 'O'Leary, from your fighting company 
Pick a dozen fighting yankees and come skirmishing with me ; 
Pick a dozen fighting devils, for I know it's you who can.' 
And, O'Leary, he saluted like a first-class fighting man. 

"O'Leary's eye was piercing, and O'Leary's voice was clear; 
'Dimetri Georgeoupoulos !' and Dimetri answered 'here.' 
Then 'Viadimir Slaminsky' step three paces to the front. 
For we're wanting you to join us in a little Heinie hunt !' 

" 'Garibaldi Ravioli,' Garabaldi was to share 
And 'Ole Axel Kettelson' and 'Thomas Scalp-the-Bear' ! 
Who was a Choctaw by inheritance, bred in the blood and 

bones 
But set down in army records by the name of Thomas Jones. 

" 'Van Winkle Schulyer Stuyvesant' ! Van Winkle was a bud 
From the ancient tree Stuyvesant and had it in his blood ! 

'Don Miguel de Colombo!' Don Miguel's next of kin 
Were across the Rio Grande when Don Miguel went in. 

" 'Ulysses Grant O'Sheridan !' 'Ulysses' sire you see 
Had been at Appomattox near the famous apple tree; 
And 'Patrick Michael Casey!' Patrick Michael you can tell 
Was a fighting man by nature with three fighting names as 
well. 

" 'Joe Wheeler Lee I' and Joseph had a pair of fighting eyes 
And his grand-dad was a Johnny as perhaps you might 

surmise ; 
Then 'Robert Bruce MacPherson' and the Yankee squad was 

done, 
With 'Isaac Abie Cohen' once a lightweight champion. 

"Then O'Leary paced them forward and says he : 'You Yanks 

fall in.' 
And he marched them to the Captain, 'Let the skirmishing 

begin.' 
Says he 'The Yanks are coming!' and you beat them if you 

can, 
And saluted like a soldier and a first-class fighting man." 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 95 

Captain Ralph Robart, soldier and citizen, decor- 
ated on the fields of France for bravery in action and 
who was Chief Marshal of the parade, was called 
upon to voice the soldier sentiment. He spoke diffi- 
dently and with a hesitant modesty, words that indi- 
cated less the glib orator than the true soldier. The 
staunch Cambridge spirit of an elder day shone in the 
brief address of Mrs. Famiie Hazen who served in 
the Civil War as a nurse. 



Wednesday^ October 12, 1921 

Among the episodes of the 75th Anniversary of the 
City of Cambridge were the two road races. The first 
one, for boys under eighteen years of age, was over 
the following course: Start City Hall, to Putnam 
Square, Mt. Auburn Street to Boylston Street, to 
Parkway, to Magazine Street, to Massachusetts 
Avenue, to City Hall, a distance of about three miles. 
Thirty-eight boys entered, 22 took part, and the best 
time was made by John Murphy, 18 minutes, ISVs 
seconds. The first sixteen finished in the following 
order: 

1. John Murphy 

2. B. J. Starr 

3. Douglas Whitehouse 

4. Leslie Southard 

5. Charles Anthony 

6. R. J. Sullivan 

7. John Skotz 

8. James Forsythe 

9. Anthony Magro 

10. Theodore Neale 

11. George Lordan 

12. William Squires 

13. Ernest Kaye 

14. Samuel Skotz 

15. Frank Scott 

16. Walter Clayton 

96 




Sargent School Girls 




Radcliffl College Girls 




Cambridge Training School for Nurses 




Girl Scouts of America 




Erin to Columbia 




Cambridge Chapter of Red Cross 




Home Benefit Association and Young Women's Christian Assoclation 




New England Order of Protection 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 97 

The big race of the afternoon was the handicap 
road race under the sanction of the New England 
A. A. U. The course of this race was as follows: 
Start at City Hall, Massachusetts Avenue, to North 
Cambridge Car Barns, to Harvard Square, to Boyl- 
ston Street and Parkway, to Parkway and Massa- 
chusetts Avenue, at Harvard Bridge, up Massachu- 
setts Avenue, finish at City Hall. Thirty-three men 
entered, 27 men took part. The best time was made 
by A. L. Flanders of M. I. T., 43 minutes, 50 sec- 
onds. The distance was 8j miles. The first sixteen 
men finished in the following order: 

1. W. F. Brooks, St. A. A. A. 

2. M. J. Daley, St. A. A. A. 

3. C. H. Reycroft, Camb. Y. 

4. G. W. Lyons, St. A. A. A. 

5. A. L. Flanders, M. I. T. 

6. Elbridge Stevens, St. A. A. A. 

7. G. Salamme, D. C. 

8. C. W. A. Linder, B. A. A. 

9. A. Dewhurst, Lawrence Y. 

10. J. Dacey, St. A. A. A. 

11. Ed. Lyons, D. C. 

12. S. Mirangeas, Boston Y. 

13. J. Mclver, D. C. 

14. F. W. Boohower, Camb. Y. 

15. G. Costarakis, D. C. 

16. Stanley P. Davee 

The Committee in charge of the races were J. 
Frank Facey and J. W. Waters, representmg the 
New England A. A. U. The men reported and 
dressed at the Cambridge Y. M. C. A. The road 
races furnished much interest, as the route was lined 



98 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

with people all along the way, particularly Massachu- 
setts Avenue, from M. I. T. to City Hall. 

Prizes were given as follows: 

In the boys' race, a handsome silver cup to 1st, 2nd 
and 3rd, and a souvenir medal with the Cambridge 
city seal to the next ten boys. In the men's race, the 
first three prizes were gold watches; the next three 
prizes, beautiful silver cups with the city seal on each, 
and to the next ten men, medals with the city seal 
on them. 



deception at Citp ?|aU 

The celebration closed Wednesday evening with a 
public reception held at City Hall, which was 
attended by thousands of citizens and their families. 
Mayor Quinn, Congressman Dallinger, President of 
the City Council Barrett and other dignitaries stood 
in line interchanging felicitations with their fellow- 
citizens. Satisfaction over the event was the univer- 
sal theme and not a discordant note had been struck 
to mar the symphonic harmony of a celebration that 
reflected credit on all concerned in its management. 
The higher value will be appraised in the aftermath. 

The spectacle is over; the curtain has fallen; the 
audience dispersed. Has the lesson of the celebration 
been brought home to the minds and bosoms of the 
people? Are they any stronger in devotion to the 
cause of civic righteousness? Will Cambridge men 
and women give to a larger extent serious thought 
to community business as a vital concern to all? Are 
the alien residents here more interested to take an ac- 
tive part in city life than formerly because of the 
inspiration engendered by the celebration? Will 
those who are native here take a renewed interest in 
the home city animated by a latent and laudable pride 
in keeping Cambridge in the vanguard? If not, the 
celebration just closed lacks body, inspiration, spirit; 
is a thing of naught, the Dead Sea fruit of dust and 
ashes, futile for good, a thing that crumbles at the 
touch. 

Time alone will tell and the children of this gener- 

99 



100 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

ation, when observing the 100th anniversary of Cam- 
bridge as a city, in 1946, will place a truer estimate 
on the stewardship of the present era than it is pos- 
sible to gather at this time. The duty of the hour is 
to so live and labor for Cambridge in the year 1921 
and the years that are to follow as to merit the 
applause of 1946. 



SUumination of Citp ^all 

Not the least in originality among the celebration 
features was the illumination of the City Hall front 
which, for fine effect and simplicity of method, was 
the theme of much admiring comment. Powerful 
reflectors were secreted in the lawn shrubbery which 
threw a steady flood of light upon the brownstone 
face of the Hall enhancing the unusual coloring of 
the stone to a remarkable degree. 

City Electrician Timothy C. O'Hearn was respon- 
sible for this unique display. Through the courtesy 
of D. E. Cogan, a lighting expert of the General 
Electric Company, he was enabled to obtain a suffi- 
cient number of projectors, searchlights and other 
necessary equipment. The volume of illumination 
was equivalent to about 11,500,000 candle power. 
The intensity of light is about 550 foot candles. A 
conception of what this intensity means may be ob- 
tained from the fact that ordinary lighting in build- 
ings ranges from 2 to 5 foot candles. 



Sntiiteir (iuesfts in tfje ^arabe 

Automobile containing Vice-President Calvin Coo- 
lidge. Mayor Edward W. Quinn and City 
Messenger Frank Montgomery. 

Automobile containing Congressman Frederick W. 
Dallinger, President James T. Barrett and Ex- 
Mayor Walter C. Ward well. 

Automobile containing General Clarence R. Ed- 
wards, Chaplain Michael J. O'Connor, Major 
Hyatt, Aide to General Edwards, and Secretary 
Daniel J. Toomey. 

Automobile containing Major Walker, representing 
Gov. Channing Cox; Col. Edward Gihon, 
Richard R. Flynn and Mayor's Secretary,. 
Edward A. Counihan. 

Automobile containing Councillor William M. 
Hogan, Senator George H. Carrick, Rep. 
Julius Myers and Ex-Mayor William F. 
Brooks. 

Automobile containing Councillor Frank J. Lehan, 
Rep. James H. Kelleher and Ex-Mayor Charles 
H. Thurston. 

Automobile containing Councillor John P. Good 
and Rep. Clarence P. Kidder. 

Automobile containing Councillor John J. Mc- 
Carthy, Mayor Philip E. Brady of Attleboro, 
Rep. Ralph R. Stratton and Ex-Mayor Timothy 
W. Good. 

Automobile containing Councillor Harold M. Brad- 
bury, Mayor Walter H. Creamer of Lynn, Rep. 
Arthur K. Reading and Frank M. Stearns. 

Automobile containing Councillor Charles H. Shea, 
Hon. Edward A. Counihan, Jr., and Sheriff 
John R. Fairbairn. 

101 



102 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Automobile containing Councillor James E. Mahler, 
Rev. Thomas Coughlin, Ex-City Solicitor Gil- 
bert A. A. Pevey and George B. Williams. 

Automobile containing Councillor Arthur Drink- 
water, Rev. RajTnond Calkins and Assistant 
Clerk of Committees Albert T. Doyle. 

Automobile containing Councillor Daniel P. Leahy ,i 
Edmund Reardon and Albert M. Barnes. 

Automobile containing Councillor Hugh G. Ander- 
son and Rev. William F. Dussault, Chaplain 
House of Representatives. 

Automobile containing Councillor Roland E. Brown, 
Charles A. Flanagan and Walter W. McMeni- 
men. 

Automobile containing Councillor Franklin H. 
Wright and Warren F. Spalding. 

Automobile containing Frederick H. Burke, City 
Clerk; Hon. Frank Leveroni, Mrs. Fanny T. 
Hazen and Hon. Camillo Camera. 

Automobile containing Thomas Conrick, Assistant 
City Clerk; Colonel Thomas F. Brown, Prof. 
Charles E. Bellatty and Alfred E. Burke. 



appreciations 



That the significance of Cambridge's 75th civic an- 
niversary was felt in a keenly appreciative way in high 
quarters, was indicated in the number of hearty, re- 
sponsive letters received by His Honor Mayor Ed- 
ward W. Quinn after the celebration from many of 
the distinguished guests. Sincerity and verbal apt- 
ness is disclosed in all, none less so than that from the 
chief guest of the event. His Excellency Vice-Presi- 
dent Calvin Coolidge. 

The following communications make an excellent 
contribution to the literature of the celebration, en- 
hancing in a personal way the historical interest of 
the occasion. 

Not alone are these epistles readable, but as a mat- 
ter of historical record, the public letter of thanks to 
the people of Cambridge sent out by His Honor 
Mayor Edward W. Quinn, and the editorial utter- 
ances by the newspapers following the exercises, 
are worthy a place in the official volume. 



THE VICE-PRESIDENT'S CHAMBER 

Washington 

October 14, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
City Hall, Cambridge, Mass. 
My dear Mr. Mayor: 

For the very great hospitality extended to me by 
you, in behalf of the citizens of Cambridge, I wish to 
express my very great appreciation. I feel very con- 
fident that the civic pride awakened by your splendid 
celebration will have a most desirable effect on the 
welfare of your famous City. 

103 



104 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Be sure and let us know when you are in Washing- 
ton, in order that Mrs. Coohdge and I may be sure 
to see you. 

Very truly yours, 

Calvin Coolidge. 



The Commonwealth of Massachusetts 

executive department 

State House, Boston 

October 14, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
Mayor of Cambridge, 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
Dear Mr. Mayor: 

After your busy week it is good of you to -svrite 
your kind letter of October 13th, which you may be 
sure I appreciate. 

I enjoyed my visit to Cambridge on Sunday and 
my only regret arises from the fact that I could not 
see your wonderful demonstration of civic pride on 
Wednesday. I was kept in Boston until half past 
twelve and thought it would be useless to come to 
Cambridge at that time. 

Please accept my congratulations upon your suc- 
cessful celebration and believe me. 
Sincerely yours, 

Channing H. Cox. 



Cambridge, Mass., October 14, 1921. 
Dear Mr. Mayor : 

I want to thank you for the delightful afternoon 
and a very good dinner last Wednesday. We all re- 
joiced that the Parade was of such a high class and 
thoroughly successful. Best wishes. 
Yours sincerely, 

Ernest M. Paddock. 



CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 105 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U. S. 

Committee on Elections No. 1 
Washington, D. C. 

October 14, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
Mayor, Cambridge, Mass. 
Dear Mr. Mayor : 

On my return to Washington from attending the 
75th Anniversary Celebration of incorporation of 
Cambridge as a City I find your kind favor of the 
13th instant. 

Please permit me to congratulate you most sin- 
cerely for the splendid way in which the celebration 
was conducted. 

I think, also, that the citizens of Cambridge are to 
be congratulated for the interest taken in the celebra- 
tion, without which its success would have been 
impossible. 

May we hope that this anniversary may tend to 
give to the good citizens of Cambridge a fitting appre- 
ciation of her glorious past, and may it urge them to 
continue to strive to keep her in the enviable place 
she holds among American citizens in the arts, the 
sciences, and in business. 

Yours very sincerely, 

Frederick W. Dallinger. 



Cambridge, Mass., October 12, 1921. 
My dear Mayor Quinn : 

I am writing to congratulate you on the entire suc- 
cess of your plans for the celebration of the Cam- 
bridge 75th Anniversary, and to thank you for your 
personal courtesies to me. 

Yours cordially, 

Raymond Calkins. 



106 CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH 

Central Square 

Cambridge, Mass. 

Rev. William D. Goblle, Pastor 

16 EUery Street 

October 13, 1921. 
Mayor Edward W. Quinn, 
My dear Mr. Mayor : 

This is just a line to tell you how much impressed 
I was over the celebration yesterday. As a recent 
citizen of Cambridge, I was deeply interested in the 
entire day. As I saw the Italians, the Polanders, the 
Armenians, the Lithuanians and others, it seemed to 
me that we should all do everything we can to induce 
these peoples to become genuine Americans. 

I congratulate you on the success of the day. If at 
any time there is any way I can serve the City, or 
lead my church in any helpful way for the good of 
the City, I wish you to know that I am ready. 

Cordially, 

William D. Goble. 



THE SARGENT SCHOOL FOR PHYSICAL 
EDUCATION 

Cambridge 38, Mass. 

October 18, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor, 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
Dear Mr. Quinn: 

On behalf of the Sargent School girls, I want to 
thank you very much for your appreciative letter of 
October 14th. 

I enjoyed the anniversary parade very much, and 
was very glad to render this service to the city. 
Very sincerely yours, 

D. A. Sargent. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 107 

UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS CO. 

120 Franklin Street 
Boston 9, Mass. 

October 20, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
City Hall, Cambridge, Mass. 
My dear Mayor : 

It was mighty nice of you to write me on the 13th 
instant, especially when reahzing how busy you un- 
doubtedly are in cleaning up after the very successful 
Seventy-fifth Anniversary celebration of your city, 
and I hasten to assure you that it was a pleasure to be 
with you that day as the representative of the Gover- 
nor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

Assuring you that I will be very glad, indeed, to 
see you in my office any time you can conveniently 
call, I remain. 

Yours very truly, 

A. F. Walker. 



F. W. STEAKNS 

140 Tremont Street 
Boston 

October 14, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
Mayor's Office, 
Cambridge, Mass. 
My dear Mayor Quinn: 

You got the start of me. Instead of thanking me 
for any little thing I was able to do, I had meant to 
write you, thanking you for a very pleasant day, not 
the least part of which was making your acquain- 
tance and that of several other Cambridge gentlemen. 
I certainly enjoyed myself and I am sure the Vice- 
President did. 

Sincerely, 

F. W. Stearns. 



108 CAMBEIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 

THE COLLEGE OF BUSINESS 
ADMINISTRATION OF 
BOSTON UNIVERSITY 

525 Boylston Street 
Boston 

October 17, 1921. 
Honorable Edward W. Quinn, 
Mayor of Cambridge, 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
Dear Sir: 

Thank you for your courteous and thoughtful 
letter. 

Please accept my assurance that it was a pleasure 
to be with you and to try to help make your celebra- 
tion a success. 

I heard nothing but praise of the day's events, and 
I am sure that you and your friends deserve a great 
deal of credit. 

Yours very truly, 

Charles E. Bellatty. 



CHARLES RIVER ENCAMPMENT, NO. 22 
L O. O. F. 

Friendship Hall, 536 Massachusetts Avenue 
Cambridge, Mass. 

October 14, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
Dear Mr. Mayor: 

I am in receipt of your letter of the 13th inst., ex- 
pressing your thanks to the members of the Odd 
Fellows of Cambridge. I shall take pleasure in con- 
veying the same to each Lodge of our Brotherhood. 

I might add that we are glad of the opportunity to 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 109 

express in an humble way our appreciation of the 
benefits of living in the City of Cambridge. I also 
wish to express to you and to all in control of the 
Parade, our pleasure at the very courteous treatment 
received upon all occasions in connection with the 
Celebration. 

I am very sincerely yours, 

Albert E. Fenety. 



FRANK LEVERONI 
SAMUEL L. BAILEN 



DAVID J. COHEN 

ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS-AT-LAW 

814, 815, 816 Tremont Building 
Boston 9, Massachusetts 

October 14, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
Cambridge, Mass. 

My dear Mr. Mayor: 

I have your very kind letter of October 13th. It 
was indeed a pleasure for me to be with you on the 
75th Anniversary of the incorporation of Cambridge 
as a city. It was a wonderful day and you are to be 
congratulated on its success. 

If there is anything that I may be able to assist you 
in, please command me at any time. 

Yours very truly, 

Frank Leveroni. 



110 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

MAYOR QUINN ON THE CELEBRATION 



The celebration in observance of the 75th anniver- 
sary of the incorporation of Cambridge as a city is 
over, and has exceeded our fondest expectations. We 
recognize how materially the newspaper press of 
Cambridge aided us in every way possible to make 
the occasion what it was from beginning to end. 

The celebration, starting as it did with a grand 
meeting on historic Cambridge Common, under the 
shade of the Washington Elm, on Sunday, October 
9th, addressed by the Governor of the Commonwealth, 
the Congressman from the 8th District and the Presi- 
dent of the City Council, was an important event. 
The historic meeting in Sanders Theatre on Tuesday 
evening, addressed by eminent historians setting 
forth the glorious achievements of our city from an 
historic point of view was an important occasion. 

The public entertainment, attended by thousands 
of our people, in the State Armory, where all were 
permitted to participate in dancing, etc., was very 
much enjoyed. 

The climax of the celebration, however, came on 
Wednesday, October 12th (Columbus Day), when a 
monster military, civic and industrial parade took 
place, participated in by the Vice-President of the 
United States, the Congressman from the District, a 
representative of the Governor of the Commonwealth, 
Major-General Clarence R. Edwards, commanding 
general, First Corps Area; the mayors of many of 
our neighboring cities and many others prominent in 
public life. 

This parade, in which nearly 30,000 took part, was 
viewed by approximately 500,000 spectators. What 
a great spectacle this was and what a beneficent effect 
it must have had on foreign-born citizens, conveying 
to them in many ways the lessons in loyalty, patriot- 
ism and enthusiasm because they were part and parcel 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAKS A CITY 111 

of it. The big reception given by the Mayor, City 
Council and heads of departments on Wednesday 
evening, October 12th, was a grand success. 

I recognize, too, the great part that the people of 
Cambridge took in making the celebration the splen- 
did occasion that it was, and I want to thank them 
for their participation. 

Respectfully yours, 

Edward W. Quinn^ Mayor, 



THE CELEBRATION 



(Cambridge Chronicle, October 15, 1921.) 

The success of the great celebration was due to the 
hearty co-operation of many organizations and many 
individuals. There was a time when there seemed to 
be a lack of interest, and doubts of the result were 
expressed, but at the end everybody took hold, zea- 
lously, and the occasion became one of great 
brilliancy, rarely surpassed by other cities. The rep- 
resentatives of the city heartily appreciate the re- 
sponse of the people to their appeal. It reflects great 
credit upon them as a whole. 

The transformation of a town into a city is a small 
event, compared with the founding of a city. It is 
merely a change in the form of government, and it 
was made in 1846, as such changes usually are made, 
because the town had become so large that it was not 
convenient to have the voters together in one hall to 
decide what the town should do. Town government, 
by direct vote of the people, is the ideal form. Gov- 
ernment by representatives is far less desirable, but 
necessary when a municipality outgrows the other 
method. 

Our celebration called attention to the fact that 
seventy-five years ago, in advance of most of the other 
Massachusetts towns, we had outgrown our ability to 



112 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

govern ourselves directly, and had been obliged to re- 
sort to representative government. The real cele- 
bration was of the subsequent growth — of what we 
have become. The parade revealed this. It was not 
a "See Us Grow" advertisement, like that of "boom" 
cities, but a "See What We Are" spectacle. 

It was well to have the celebration — that we should 
see ourselves. The crowds which lined the sidewalks 
from beginning to end of the route of the procession 
showed an interest in the affair, not merely as a spec- 
tacle, but as revelation of the Cambridge of today. 
Our people do not know themselves. We are busy. 
We live in our own lives, and few Cambridge people 
know much of the city as a whole. Even the "neigh- 
borhood" interest of other days has almost dis- 
appeared. But everybody took interest in the cele- 
bration, and went home with a realization of the 
greatness of Cambridge — and of its bigness, also. 



CELEBRATION WAS CREDITABLE 



(Cambridge Tribune, October 15, 1921.) 

Because of the hearty manner in which the citizens 
of Cambridge, irrespective of political or other con- 
siderations, co-operated in their participation of the 
celebration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the city, 
the observance was a grand success and reflected much 
credit upon the city and her citizens. 

The speaking on the common on Sunday, the ball 
in the armory on Tuesday evening, the parade, sports, 
dinner and reception on Wednesday — tliese nnd all 
other details passed off smoothly. We were honored 
and assisted by the presence of such distinguished 
guests as our vice-president, our governor and our 
congressman, and they all seemed to sense the real 
meaning of the occasion. The Sanders Theatre exer- 
cises, under the auspices of Librarian Cummings and 




RiNDGE Technical School Jjoys 




Cambridge Puulic Library 




School Children 




Polish Degree Staffs 




Cambridge Gas Light Co.; Cambridge Electric Light Co. 




Boston Structural Steel Company 




R. H. RotiioN 



New Eng. Tet.. & Tel. Co. 




Ward Baking Company 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 113 

the Cambridge Historical Society, were fitting and 
played their proper part in the celebration. 

From a spectacular point of view — as well as from 
an educational one — the parade was easily the most 
impressive. The manner in which the different ele- 
ments in the city rose to the occasion and participated 
was most encouraging. Special mention can be made 
of the foreign-born residents, marshaled under the 
direction of H. M. Gerry, of the Y. M. C. A. 

But celebrations of anniversaries are, of themselves, 
of little value. They deal largely with the past, or, 
at best, somewhat with the present, while it is the 
future that really counts. As a city, our past is se- 
cure; our present is not nearly as secure; but the 
future lies in our own hands. Let us rise to our civic 
responsibilities and make this future one of which we 
may be proud! 



THE CELEBRATION 



(Cambridge Sentinel, October 15, 1921.) 

Quite up to the standard of former episodes of a 
like nature, was the 75th anniversary celebration of 
Cambridge as a city, which has occupied public inter- 
est this passing week. 

Rarely do we of Cambridge realize the significance 
of our community among the family of cities that dot 
the map of this broad land. 

Distance lends enchantment to the view and near- 
ness dulls the edge of appreciation. 

, The Bostonian plods his concentrated way from 
the cradle to the grave and never thinks of climbing 
the granite stairs of the Bunker Hill Monument. 

The Athenian busies himself in the market place 
at the foot of the Acropolis with only an occasional 
thought, and rarer visit to that world renowned hill, 
crowned by the Parthenon. 



114 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

The modern Roman doubtless takes for granted, 
like his daily bread, the Forum, St. Peter's, the Sis- 
tine Chapel, and the countless glories that renown his 
wonderful city — and most Cambridge folk walk by 
the Washington Ehn without picturing the great 
event the old tree commemorates over which hovered 
the spirit of American nationality. 

The good that these celebrations do cannot be 
overestimated. 

Education is there, the stimulus to think, the intel- 
lectual urge, to comprehend which men and women 
have been divinely gifted with the power of reason. 
The mind was not given to man to be permitted "to 
hang the rusty armor upon the wall in monumental 
mockery," but to be exercised wisely for the social 
progress of the human race. 

If we will but reflect on this and translate into 
beneficent action the inspiration to higher community 
life this passing event should stimulate in the public 
mind — then may we truly and deservedly say 

"We are citizens of no mean city," 
because we shall have risen ourselves to such a rarefied 
height that the dull, the petty, and the sordid must 
melt and die away within us. 



THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY 



(Cambridge Recorder, October 15, 1921.) 

Most successful in every detail, as well as finely 
impressive, studied as a whole, was the city's celebra- 
tion of its 75th birthday as a municipality, which 
closed with the great parade of Columbus Day. 

Within the memory of men and women living took 
place the civic birthday of Cambridge, which occurred 
l3y a strange coincidence on March 17, 1846, the same 
day that Washington forced the evacuation of the 
British from Boston, just seventy years before. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 115 

Cambridge town in 1776, patriotic to the core, hav- 
ing driven within the British lines in Boston her tory 
minority, rejoiced with her brethren across the Charles 
as the English squadron faded away upon the horizon 
off Nantasket Roads, just as Boston extended the 
hand of fellowship to the infant municipality to the 
west across the river, on that blustering day in 
March, 1846. 

What a progressive material change from these two 
neighboring towns, to the great cosmopolitan com- 
munities of 1921, and yet spiritually, there is no 
change, for the forefathers' faith in nationality, 
law, and democracy still endures. The spirit of " '76" 
struck the high keynote of the American philosophy 
of freedom, and the flowing years will see duty nobly 
done if the flame is ever kept burning. 

The celebration just observed, is in the nature of a 
stimulus to this high obligation. 



(Boston Advertiser, October 13, 1921.) 

"Of the many beautiful displays seen in the parade 
yesterday, when Cambridge celebrated her 75th anni- 
versary as a city, was the float of the Irish section 
representing the 'Spirit of Robert Emmet to Uncle 
Sam' and that of 'Erin to Columbia.' 'Uncle Sam' 
was represented by John P., 'Robert Emmet' by 
James T., Jr.; 'Erin' by Ehzabeth Clare, and 'Co- 
lumbia, by Julia Eileen Barrett, the charming chil- 
dren of the Hon. James T. Barrett of Otis Street, 
Cambridge. Mr. Barrett is the President of the 
Cambridge City Council, and one of the leading 
spirits who was responsible for the success of the 
celebration. 

"If applause from the multitude who witnessed the 
great procession is any criterion his was the most 
popular display in the entire line of march. In re- 
sponse to many inquiries, we would state that the in- 



116 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

scription on the shield of 'Erin to Columbia' is taken 
from the poem of John Boyle O'Reilly, 'The Exile of 
the Gael', which says : 

"No treason we bring from Erin, nor bring we shame 

nor guilt ! 
The sword we hold may be broken, but we have not 

dropped the hilt! 
The wreath we bear to Columbia is twisted of thorns, 

not bays. 
And the songs we sing are saddened by the thoughts 

of desolate days ; 
But the hearts we bring for Freedom are washed in 

the surge of tears ; 
And we claim our right by a People's fight outliving 

a thousand years." 



Citj> of Camtiribse 
30epartmentsi anb poarbs 

1921 

Executive Department 
Edward W. Quinn, Mayor. 

Edward A. Counihan, Mayor's Clerk. 

City Clerk Department 
Frederick H. Burke, City Clerk. 

Thomas J. Conrick, Assistant City Clerk. 

Treasury Department 

Henry F. Lehan, 

City Treasurer and Collector of Taxes. 

Auditing Department 
Charles H. Thurston, City Auditor. 

Clerk of Committees Department 
Daniel J. Toomey, Clerk of Committees. 

Albert T. Doyle, Assistant. 

City Messenger Department 
A. Frank Montgomery, City Messenger. 

Henry P. Conroy, Assistant. 

Law Department 
Peter J. Nelligan, City Solicitor. 

Engineering Department 
Lewis M. Hastings, City Engineer. 

Thomas P. O'Neil, Superintendent of Sewers. 

117 



118 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEAES A CITY 

Building Department 

Jeremiah F. Downey, 

Superintendent of Public Buildings and 

Inspector of Buildings. 

William D. Collins and William J. O'Connor, 

Building Inspectors. 

William A. Ford, Inspector of Plumbing. 

William J. Stanger, Inspector of Gas Fitting. 

Daniel F. Owens, Inspector of Elevators. 

Street Department 
Edward J. Dunphy, Superintendent of Streets. 

John H. Holt, Clerk. 



Health Department 

BOARD OF HEALTH 

Elie H. La Pierre, Chairman. 

Term, three years. 

Jeremiah S. Sullivan Joseph M. Wadden, M. D. 

Elie H. La Pierre 

Simon B. Kelleher, M. D., Medical Inspector. 

John D. Crowley, Clerk. 

Walter C. Feeley, M. D., Bacteriologist. 

William A. ISToonan, M. D., 

Inspector of Milk and Vinegar. 

Joseph L. Johnson, Inspector of Provisions. 

Police Department 
: John J. McBride, Chief. 

Fire Department 
James M. Casey, Chief. 

City Electrical Department 
Timothy C. O'Hearn, City Electrician. 



CAMBKIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 119 

Assessors' Department 
Bernard F. Fallon, Chairman. 

John C. Haverty, Secretary. 
Bernard F. Fallon John C. Haverty 

James J. Casey 

Inspector of Animals Department 
David L. Bolger, M. D. V., Inspector of Animals. 

Bridge Department 
Francis J. Smith, Bridge Commissioner. 

Sealer of Weights and Measures Department 
Felix C. McBride, Sealer. 

Hugh H. Healey, Deputy Sealer and Inspector. 
Emery T. Morris, Joseph O'Neil, Deputy Sealers. 

City Physician 
William G. Brousseau. 

Cambridge Planning Board 
William F. Harris, Chairman 

Benjamin Roseman Helen Cabot Almy 

Walter F. Earle Joseph O. Outhier 

Arthur C. Comey, Consultant. 

School Committee 
Mayor Edward W. Quinn, Chairman. 
Charles F. J. McCue, Vice- Chairman. 
Charles F. J. McCue Mrs. Jessie W. Brooks 

Nora J. Driscoll Charles F. Hurley 

James S. Cassedy Arthur L. Miles 

Constantine J. Church, Business Agent. 

Michael E. Fitzgerald, Superintendent of Schools. 

James Dugan, Assistant Superintendent and 

Director of Continuation School. 



120 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Fence Viewers 
Lewis M. Hastings, City Hall. 

Jeremiah F. Downey, City Hall. 

Cemetery Department 

CEMETERY COMMISSIONERS 

Thomas E. Williams, Chairman. 

Term, three years. 
Jeremiah J. Sullivan Eben H. Googins 
Timothy F. McCarthy John McKenzie 
Thomas E. Williams George T. Quinn 

Edward F. Sullivan, Clerk of the Board. 
Thomas J. Cavanagh, Supt. of the Cemetery. 
Edward F. Sullivan, Person to Cause to be Properly 
Interred the Bodies of Soldiers and Sailors. 

Public Library Department 

TRUSTEES OF CAMBRIDGE PUBLIC LIBRARY 

John A. Butler, President. 
Charles F. J. McCue of School Committee. 

Citizens at Large: 
Nellie F. Crowley Edward Redstone 

Robert E. Young Albert E. Lynch 

Edward P. Collier John A. Butler 

Nellie F. Crowley, Secretary. 
Albert E. Lynch, Treasurer. 
T. Harrison Cummings, Librarian. 

City Hospital Department 

TRUSTEES OF CAMBRIDGE CITY HOSPITAL 

Charles S. Cahill, Chairman. 

John J. Quinlan John H. Hurley 

Charles S. Cahill Isaac McLean 

Frank F. Rogers. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 121 

Water Works Department 

CAMBRIDGE WATER BOARD 

James J. Scully, President. 

Term, five years. 
John F. O'Brien John P. Conroy 

James J. Scully Joseph E. Doherty 

Bernard E. McDermott 

Walter H. Harding, Clerk of the Board. 

Timothy W. Good, Supt. of Water Works. 

Walter H. Harding, Water Registrar. 



Park Department 

PARK COMMISSIONERS 

John F. Sullivan, President. 
Term, five years. 

Stephen H. Harrington AUen W. Jackson 
Carroll W. Doten John F. Sullivan 

Dennis F. McCarthy. 

John F. Donnelly, General Superintendent. 
Rose E. Manning, Secretary. 



Sinking Fund Department 

COMMISSIONERS OF THE SINKING FUND 

George G. Wright, Chairman. 

Term, three years. 
George G. Wright Francis J. Carney 

Gustavus Goepper Herbert M. Bridey 

Daniel Cronin Robert S. Knowles 

William J. Hopkins, Secretary. 
Henry F. Lehan, Treasurer. 



122 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

Election Commission 
J. Frank Facey, Chairman. 

J. Frank Facey John P. McCormick 

Charles J. Wood Harry A. Penniman 

Harry A. Penniman, Clerk. 

Overseers of the Poor Department 

OVERSEERS OF THE POOR 

John R. McCool, Chairman. 

Term, five years. 
Edmund A. Whitman George D. Colgan 
Leopold Bartel Charles J. Williams 

Bernard B. Welch George P. O'Brien 

John R. McCool 
James E. Finnegan, Secretary. 
John T. Shea, Superintendent of City Home. 

Board of Appeal 
Clarence H. Blackall, Chairman. 

Term, three years. 
Clarence H. Blackall (Architect). 

John B. Byrne (Master Builder). 

Harry N. Stearns. 

Board of License Commissioners 

William F. Brooks, Chairman. 

James M. Casey, Chief of Fire Department. 

John J. McBride, Chief of Police Department. 

City Missionary 
Bernard J. Brogan. 

Agent for Committee on Soldiers^ Aid 

Edward F. Sullivan. 

Investigators— William F. Boyle, James T. Cox. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 123 

Trustees of the Dowse Institute 
Francis G. Peabody, President. 

Edward W. Quinn, Mayor, ex-oficio. 

James T. Barrett, Pres. of City Council, ecc-oficio. 

George Howland Cox. 

Joseph H. Beale, Jr. 

Francis G. Peabody. 
Joseph H. Beale, Jr., Secretary and Treasurer. 

Trustees of the Sanders Temperance Fund 
Edward W. Quinn, Mayor. 
James T. Barrett, President of City Council. 
Frederick H. Burke, City Clerk. 

Ex-officiis. 

Trustees of the Bridge Charitable Fund 
Edward W. Quinn, Mayor. 
James T. Barrett, President of City Council. 
John R. McCool, Chairman of Overseers of Poor. 

Ex-officiis. 

Civil Service — Labor Division. 
Harry L. Lincoln, Registration Clerk. 



Camtiribge Citp Council, 1921 



JAMES T. BARRETT 

President 



Hugh G. Andekson 
James T. Barrett 
Harold M. Bradbury 
Roland E. Brown 
Francis D. Coady . 
Arthur Drink water 
John P. Good 
William M. Hogan 
Daniel P. Leahy . 
Frank J. Lehan . 
James P. Mahler 
John J. McCarthy 
Charles H. Shea . 
Horace A. Skilton 
Franklin H. Wright 



At Large 

At Large 
Ward 6 
Ward 5 
Ward 3 
Ward 9 

At Large 
Ward 2 
Ward 11 
Ward 1 
Ward 4 

At Large 
Ward 8 
Ward 10 
Ward 7 



Frederick H. Burke, City Clerk 

Daniel J. Toomey, Clerk of Committees 

A. Frank Montgomery, City Messenger 



124 



OTagfjinston Communications 

COPY 

The White House, Washington. 

September 9, 1921. 
My deae Mayor Quinn : 

Mr. James T. Barrett, President of the City Coun- 
cil of Cambridge, called upon me yesterday and 
presented your letter, and he extended to me a very 
cordial invitation to be present on the occasion of the 
observance of the Seventy-fifth anniversary of the 
Incorporation of Cambridge as a city. 

I very greatly appreciate the thoughtful courtesy 
which the invitation expresses, and I wish it were 
possible for me to have the satisfaction of joining the 
citizenship of Cambridge on this notable occasion. 
My engagements are such, however, that it is quite out 
of the question for me to come, and I can therefore do 
no more than to thank you most sincerely for the con- 
sideration which you have shown me and to wish 
that the celebration will be a notably memorable 
success. 

Very sincerely yours, 

(Signed) Waeren G. Harding. 



COPY 

WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM 
Washington, D. C, 

October 4, 1921. 
Mayor Edward W. Quinn^ 
Cambridge, Mass. 

Telegram received. It will be impossible for me 
without great inconvenience to be in Cambridge Sun- 
day. I would appreciate your not pressing my 
attendance. 

(Signed) Senator David I. Walsh. 

125 



126 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

COPY 

The Vice-President's Chamber, 
Washington. 
September 16, 1921. 

Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor, 
Cambridge, Mass. 

My DEAR Mr. Mayor: 

I have before me your invitation to come to your 
celebration between October 9th and 12th. I cannot 
tell yet whether it will be possible for me to come. I 
ought to know some time next week. I am sorry I 
did not see Mr. Barrett when he was in Washington 
and learn more of your plans. 

Very truly yours, 

(Signed) Calvin Coolidge. 



COPY 

WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM 

Washington, D. C. 
October 3, 1921. 
Hon. Edward W. Quinn^ Mayor. 
Cambridge, Mass. 

Shall leave here Saturday night to attend Celebra- 
tion and shall be at Cambridge, Sunday, Monday, 
Tuesday and Wednesday. Please call me on phone 
at my father's house Sunday morning at 9 :00 o'clock 
so that I can get details. 

(Signed) Frederick W. Dallinger, 
Member of Congress. 



CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 127 
COPY 

United States Senate, 
Committee on Foreign Relations. 

Nahant, Mass., September 10, 1921. 

Hon. Edward W. Quinn, 
Mayor of Cambridge, 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

My dear Mr. Mayor: 

I was not in Washington when Mr. Barrett called 
and, therefore, unfortunately missed seeing him. I 
am very much indebted to you for your kind invita- 
tion and appreciate the compliment you pay me in 
desiring me to speak at the Cambridge celebration. 
I wish very much that I could accept it and if it were 
a possible thing for me to go anywhere or make any 
outside speeches I should certainly wish to come tg 
Cambridge, but I regret to say that it is out of the 
question for me to make any outside engagements. I 
must return to Washington on the 20th, as the recess 
is then over, and it will be impossible for me to leave 
Washington again for some time. 

With renewed thanks and much regret that I can- 
not avail myself of your kindness, I am, 

Very truly yours, 

(Signed) H. C. Lodge. 



128 CAMBRIDGE SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS A CITY 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

Seventy-Fifth Anniversary 

Br, 

City of Cambridge $8,565.25 

Subscriptions 1,458.75 

$10,024.00 

Cr, 

Ball at Armory $341.94 

Sanders Theatre 884.25 

Athletic Games 172.09 

Parade 4,326.10 

Banquet 588.00 

Reception (City Hall) 343.50 

Band Concerts 462.00 

City Hall Illumination 317.40 

Decorations 661.50 

Printing and Mailing 353.34 

Advertising 26.94 

Miscellaneous 1,546.94 

$10,024.00 



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